psychotropics

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vernerl01
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vernerl01
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psychotropics
  1. psychosis means: loss of contact with reality/delusional/schizo
    1. antipsychotics 1st and 2nd gene
      1. Chlorpromazine(Thorazine), Haloperidol (Haldol) blocks D2 receptors
        1. Aripiprazole (Abilify), Quetiapine(Seroquel), Risperiodone (Risperdal)
          1. blocks D2 receptors and serotonin
      2. antidepressants
        1. tricyclic antidep (tcas)
          1. elevates mood, amitriptyline, blocks nerepiephrine uptake and serotonin uptake so that more is available in the brain
            1. adverse effects: orthostatic hypotension, sedation, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, seizures, hepatic failure, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
          2. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (ssris)
            1. MOA: blocks serotonin uptake--fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram side effects: sex dys, nausea, insomnia, do not use with maois and grapefruit juice
            2. serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (snris)
              1. Venlaflaxine (Effexor): side effects--dry mouth, suicidal tendency, urinary retention, steven johnsons, cannot mix with maois
              2. monoamine oxidase inhibitos (maois)
                1. Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, Selegiline, Tranylcypromine
                  1. MOA: inactivates norepinephrine, dopamine, epiephrine, serotonin
                    1. only prescribed if other antidepr do not work, as it puts pts at risk for hypertensive crisis and cannot eat --aged cheeses, yeast, fish, meat, choc, some veggies, alcoholic drinks, fruits, st johns wort, or ginseng side effects: suicidal tendencies
              3. anti anxiety medications
                1. benzodiazepines: MOA: enhances inhibiting effects of GABA, rapid onset
                  1. Alprazolam (xanax), Chlordiazepoxide (Librium), Clonazepam (Klonopin), Clorazepate (Tranxilium), Clotiazepam (Veratran), Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam
                    1. side effects: also can be used to prevent seizures and alcohol withdrawal--sedation, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, dry mouth, blurred vision, orthostatic hypertension--od then respiratory depression
                2. mood stabilizers
                  1. bipolar disorders/manic depressive disorders
                    1. lithium- valproic acid, carbmazepine Adverse reactions: sedation, dizziness, tremors, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, unsteadiness, headache, wt gain, hematological changes--dry mouth, increased urination, need hydration
                      1. on lithium-monitor drug level due to narrow therapeutic range,
                  2. ADD/ADHD -treats stimulants -amphetamine, methylphenidates
                    1. tachy, hypertension, wt loss, growth slowed and sleep disturbed
                      1. nonstimulant meds:
                        1. antidepres/nortriptyline--clonidine (a2 adrenergic antagonists)--side effects termors, tachy, hypertension, insomnia
                      2. sleep hypnotics
                        1. clonazepam, diazepam, diphenhydramine, doxylamine + diphenhydramine, eszopiclone, lorazepam, melatonin, promethazine, triazolam, zaleplon, zopidem
                          1. withdrawal symptoms: rebound anxiety, adverse CNS depression
                            1. zopidem (Ambien) side effects: risk for delusions, hallucinations, short term use one month
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