Motion

Nota:

• Motion is the action or process of moving or being moved and an object is in motion if its distance from another object is changing.

1. How to tell if an object is in motion

   Nota:

   • To know an object is in motion you use a reference point. A reference point is a place or object used for comparison to tell whether another object or thing is moving.
   1. Reference point

      Nota:

      • A reference point is a place or object used for comparison to tell whether another object or thing is moving.
2. Graphing Motion

   Nota:

   • To show the motion of an object you have to plot it on a line graph which is distance versus time.

Nota:

• Motion is described by distance which is measured in Units.

1. Measuring distance

   Nota:

   • Distance is mostly measured using the International System of Units.
2. International System of Units

   Nota:

   • The International System of Units is a system of measurement that most scientists around the world use to describe the distance an object moves. The basic unit of length for this system is meters.
   1. Examples

      Nota:

      • There are many units to the International System of Units. The main ones are Millimeters, Centimeters, Meters, Kilometers etc. There are many more.

Nota:

• Speed is the distance an object or thing travels per unit of time.

1. Average Speed

   Nota:

   • Not every object that is in motion has a constant speed but it does have an average speed. To calculate the average speed divide the total distance traveled by the total time.
2. Instantaneous Speed

   Nota:

   • Instantaneous speed is the rate an object is moving at a given instant in time.
3. Velocity

   Nota:

   • Velocity is basically speed in a given direction. When you know both speed and direction of an objects motion you know its velocity.
   1. Acceleration

      Nota:

      • In science acceleration is the rate in which velocity changes. Therefore acceleration refers to increasing speed, decreasing speed, or changing direction.
      1. Calculating Acceleration

         Nota:

         • To calculate the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line you have to calculate the change in speed per unit of time.
      2. Acceleration Equation

         Nota:

         • The acceleration equation is Acceleration=Final Speed-Initial Speed/Time.
4. Speed Equation

   Nota:

   • The speed equation is distance over time.
5. Slope

   Nota:

   • The steepness of a line on a graph is called slope. Slopes on graphs are used to show the speed of an object using distance versus time. To calculate slope you use rise over run.