CNS: Diseases/Disorders

Nota:

• Inflammation of the Meninges due to infection  Symptoms: Headache, Fever, Stiff Neck 

Adjunto:

• CNS Diseases

1. Bacterial

   Nota:

   • -Very Severe -Contagious  -Antibiotics 
2. Viral

   Nota:

   • -Less Severe - No specific treatment
3. Parasitic

   Nota:

   • -Not contagious - infected from fresh water source -Fatal brain infection 
4. Fungal

   Nota:

   • -Not contagious  -Immune Compromised patients  - Treat with IV- anti-fungal agents

Nota:

• - 90% are benign -pain in any region of head -Laterality -Area (isolated/ radiating) - Quality of Pain - Onset (gradual/sudden) -Timing 

Adjunto:

• CNS Diseases

1. Migraine

   Nota:

   • -unilateral -throbbing  -gradual--> great intensity  -gets worse with bright light/noise and physical exertion/movement -nausea, vomiting/dizziness 
   • Treatment: -no specific cure/treatment -treat symptoms right away  -OTC/prescription pain relievers -avoid triggers
2. Tension Type

   Nota:

   • -moderate headache  -tightening across head - muscles of head and neck too -non-pulsatile - no other associated findings -30 min. to one week 
   • Treatment:  - OTC/narcotic pain relievers -muscle relaxants  Prevention:-avoid triggers-SSRI/ trycyclic antidepressants
3. Cluster

   Nota:

   • -unilateral -located around one eye  -sudden onset of pain- really painful! -30 min---> 3 hours (3x/day)
   • Treatment: -Triptans -Steriods Prevention: -Beta-blockers -Antiseizure meds  -Lithium -Antidepressants

Nota:

• -all disorders where brain is affected by ischemia or bleeding of cerebral blood vessels  -most common neurological event in U.S.

Adjunto:

• CNS Diseases

1. Stroke

   Nota:

   • -abrupt interruption of constant blood flow to the brain -loss of neurological function 
   • Symptoms: 1. numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg  (one side of body) 2. trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance 3. severe headache 4. trouble seeing through one/both eyes 5. confusion, trouble speaking/understanding
   • Risk Factors:  1. Diabetes 2. Heart Disease 3. Obesity 4. Smoking 5. Hypertension
   • Treatment: -TPA-tissue plasminogen activator- within 4.5 hours -meds to treat underlying conditions (HTN, DM, high cholesterol) - surgery- hemorrhagic  Secondary Preventative Measures  -angioplasty/ carotid endarterectomy -surgical clipping/coiling  Rehabilitation 
   1. Ischemic

      Nota:

      • -Blockage
   2. Hemorrhagic

      Nota:

      • -bleeding
   3. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
2. Stenosis
3. Aneurysms