History revision

Adjunto:

• Causes, Practices, and Effects of World War 1

1. Why build trenches?
   1. Germans started it as they planned a quick victory
   2. Modern weapons

      Nota:

      • Modern weapens couldnt be carried out onto the battle field eg. a machine gun - nicknamed 'the devil's sprinkler' - had to be kept in one place.
   3. Neither side wanted to lose ground
2. Conditions in the trenches
   1. diseases
      1. trench foot

         Nota:

         • A disease caught when soldiers stood in the wet/ mud for too long. Your feet get so wet that you they get infected
      2. spread easily between trenches and areas
   2. Rations

      Nota:

      • Ration = only given a certain amount
      1. separate for Britain + Germany
         1. Germans had more rations than the British
   3. 'Stand to'
      1. men were ordered to climb the fire step to prevent any morning raides
      2. everyone woken up an hour before dawn
   4. Rats
      1. many men killed were buried where they fell
         1. corpses and old scraps littered the trenches
            1. attracted rats!
               1. seen to grow up to the size of cats
            2. rats fed on anything they could find - even dead bodies
      2. rats attempted to take food from the sleeping men in the trenches

1. A technique used by governments during war that used media to spread their views to the people. In ww1, used to bring its citizens to fight in the war
2. Black propaganda - involves lies
3. White propaganda - selects from the truth
4. It would effect your decision
   1. Persuasive and put everywhere
   2. some had positive messages
      1. eg. soldiers cantering to victory
   3. some had negative messages
      1. eg. comparing an evil german nurse to you
         1. makes you feel guilty and angry - puts in your head that you would do a better job

1. The land of the home country where actions that contribute to the war take place - even if the actions arent fighting
2. Total war - everyone/everything is effected by war
3. The econmy
   1. many people were actually better off during the war
      1. many people were getting 2 amounts of wayges and had a constant amount of food
         1. As a result, prices rose
            1. the cost of the war put enormous trains on the government too
4. Freedom
   1. The government passed a 'law' in order to arrest anybody accused of helping the opposition
      1. Soon being used to stop anyone criticing the government
   2. newspapers were censored (checked) so they only said what they were allowed to say
   3. In may ways, these things took away the publics freedom of speech
5. working women
   1. as so many men were away fighting, the factories, farms and businesses found it difficult to produce what was needed
      1. It turned out , these factories were busier than ever due to the women
         1. munition factories
         2. manual labour
         3. as well as caring for family/ house
         4. on farms
   2. women were the secret weapon that won the war
   3. 1914 - 200,00 women employed
      1. 1918 - 950,000 women employed
   4. Life for women changed dramatically during the war because so many men were away fighting.
6. The threat from above
   1. over 100 plane raides
   2. 1500 civilians killed
   3. people terrified for their lives
   4. The threat from the sea
      1. extremely effective way of attacking
      2. main tactic = to block routes of boats bringing in food and sink them
         1. starving home front + soldiers
7. WEFT

1. Rifle
   1. very popular - highly trained soldiers could fire up to 15 aimed shots a minute
2. machine gun
   1. used in the trenches
      1. nicknamed the devils sprinkler
3. poisonous gas
   1. put inside grenades
      1. when gas masks were invented, became less effective
4. artillery
   1. 1/3 of the artillery in the battle of the Somme were duds
5. tanks
   1. in ww1 slow and unreliable
6. flame thrower
   1. good way of gaining ground
7. a lot more new weapons made due to the women's contribution
8. Dreadnaughts
   1. battle ships
      1. extremely effective
      2. advanced technology
      3. used to defend territory and attack other ships
9. The Ant Pushes Mexico Down Further Right

1. steps to war:
   1. 1)assassination of franz ferdinand, arch duke
   2. 2)Britain, France, Germany and Russia all building up their armies
      1. prepared for a war, and looking for anything to start one
   3. 3)Austria declares war
      1. Austria sent Serbia an ultimatum

         Nota:

         • ultimatum - meet these demands or we will declare war
   4. 4)Russia mobilises - they knew they were too weak to go to war, but decides to help Serbia as they are allies
   5. 5)Germany attacks
      1. Germany decides to back up Austria
   6. 6)France and Britain join in
      1. they are ready to fight and want to claim land back

1. Only 12 villages/towns in the UK hadn't lost a young man due to the fighting
2. Germany surrenders 11:00 on 11th November
3. Thousands left grieving
4. Hundreds of soldiers never got back to being themselves again
   1. scared from what they have experienced
      1. Shell shock
5. Peace Treaty
   1. Britain
      1. leader secretly wants to be fair on Germany, but has said he wants to make them pay
      2. 1,000,000 soldiers from British empire died
      3. War not fought on british soil
      4. Britain owes a lot of money to USA
   2. France
      1. war took place on french land
      2. huge damage to the country
      3. need to rebuild industry
      4. needs to be safe from attacks in the future
      5. France wants compensation
   3. USA
      1. wanted world peace
      2. wanted trade to continue with the rest of the world
      3. afraid an unfair treaty will make germany want revenge
   4. Germany
      1. had a new government - couldnt be blamed for starting the war
      2. they have an unstable country
         1. surely allies would want to support them
      3. believed all countries were to blame