Manuell Castlells (1998) An increase in the
global/criminal ecomony has led to a wide
range of different crimes
Arms trafficking
Trafficking of nuclear
materials
Smuggling of illegal migrants
Trafficking of women and children
Sex tourism
Trafficking of
body parts
Cyber crime
Green crime
International
tousism
Smuggling of illegal goods
Drugs trade
Money laundering
Ian Taylor (1997) argues that
Globalisation has led to the
changes in the pattern and extent
of crime
Illegal trade
Mafias and gangs
Global connections
'McMafia'
10,000 member
strong drug gangs
Money laundering has
become more
widespread - especially
among businesses and
the wealthy
Global terrorist attacks -
e.g. 9/11 Twin Towers
Hobbs and Dunningham (1990)
Loose knit gangs occur
at first
Then develop into stronger 'mafia'
like communities
E.g. The Kray Brothers of
East End London
'Glocal' Crime - Doing both
legitimate and illegitimate
activities during the lifetime,
but also spreading global in
terms of illegitimate
activities i.e. international
drugs trade
Winlow (2004)
Bouncer study in Sunderland
Found that as well as "rank" giving members a
position and authority, the legitimate job allows
the worker to then use the job as a illegitimate way
o committing crime, i.e. using his status to get hold
of unlicenced goods such as tobacco and alcohol
and then sell them through there (link to Hobbs
and Dunningham's 'Glocal' Crime)
The 'McMafia' - Misha Glenny (2008)
Russian gang formed in 1989
Tried to innovate with the Soviets'
communist prices on resources
Becomes a new capitalist class
known as 'Oligarchs'
Unlike the US and Italian gangs where there
is a sense of family and heirachy, the
McMafia relies on money and economy to
structure the gang.
Need to protect income and keep promises (globally or
internationally) to ensure economic income is
successful