RESEARCH(Chap 6, book 1)

Book 1
1. QUALITATIVE DATA
  1. words rather than numbers. Can take a variety of forms
    1. field notes, text, audio and video recording of naturally occurring events
  2. major form of data used in cultural studies like childhood studies
    1. historians rely heavily on it
      1. link to historical approach
  3. CONS
    1. 1) audio and visual only provide a glimpse of what is within shot, there is always more going on
      1. 2) video can significantly alter peoples behaviour
        3) Participants may lie
        Margaret Mead in Samoa
        4) It is up to the researcher to decide what is relevant when transcribing notes etc. Their perception or role they impose upon themselves as researcher will influence this
        5) Focus is on small number of participants unlike quantitative
        conclusions may be generalised. A process of inference is in place - from sample to population
        HELEN kAVAPULA - childhood punishment in Tongo (bk 1 p195)
  4. PROS
    1. 1) not limited to rigidly defined variables
      1. 2) free to explore new areas of research
        3) provides in depth examination
        4) Can examine indepth questions not possible to answer with quantitative research
  5. Qualitative researchers regard quantitative research as in a appropriate for researching social phenomenon. Only a qualitative approach can overcome the difficulttlies adult researchers face in trying to understand childhood
2. QUANTITATIVE DATA
  1. takes on form of numbers
    1. used to indicate frequency of an event as well as degree to which objects posess an attribute
      1. child mortality rates are an example (bk 4)
    2. EXPERIMENTAL: control is exerted by researcher over the variables
      1. PIAGET
    3. SURVEY: for example questionnaires
  2. pros
    1. 1) allows for braoder area of study
      1. 2) using standards means that results can be compared with other studies which allows for greater accuracey
        3) personal bias can be avoided
  3. cons
    1. 1) research often carried out in unnatural enviro which can impact results obtained
      1. 2) collect a much narrower dataset
        3)standardised questions can lead to false representation of subject as it illicts answers to very specific thhings, discounting everything else
        results are limited as they provide numerical data rather than bio data
3. what is role of research to document or evaluate. link to role of researcher in chap 6 bk 4
Difficulties researching children
1. There are limits on the adult researchers ability to fully understand the cultural influences which affect children's lives
  1. Barriers to understanding Owain Jones 2001 (bk 1 p297)
2. there is a danger that adults will assume having been a child they understand all childhood life experiences. They forget that each experience is personal
  1. can forget the differences gender, class, age, ethnicity, locale make to the childhood experience
3. adopting a documentary stance does not mean adopting a cultural relativist view point

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RESEARCH(Chap 6, book 1)

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