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Lesson 4: Earth's Spheres
- Lithosphere
- the rigid shell of rock that surrounds the more fluid inner
layers and solid core (crust)
- Oxygen = 94.04%
- Silicon = .88%
- Aluminum = .48%
- Iron = .49%
- Calcium = 1.18%
- Sodium = 1.11%
- Magnesium = .33%
- Potassium = 1.42%
- Other = .07%
- Oxygen = 46.1%
- Silicon = 28.2%
- Aluminum = 8.23%
- Iron = 5.63
- Calcium = 4.15
- Sodium = 2.36%
- Magnesium = 2.33%
- Potassium = 2.09%
- Other= .91%
- Percent by Volume:
- Percent by Mass:
- the rigid shell of rock that surrounds the more fluid inner
layers and solid core (crust)
- Hydrosphere
- Earth's liquid water
- Hydrogen = 66%
- Oxygen = 33%
- Other = 1%
- Percent by Volume:
- Earth's liquid water
- Atmosphere
- the shell of gas that surrounds the Earth (troposphere)
- Oxygen = 21%
- Nitrogen = 78%
- Other = 1%
- Percent by Volume:
- Troposphere
- Lowest sphere
- 0 to 12 kilometers above the surface
- Most dense layer and contains the most mass of the atmosphere
- -55 to 15 degrees Celcius, the temperature becomes lower as the altitude increases
- Contains most of the water vapor and clouds
- Lowest sphere
- Stratosphere
- 12 to 50 kilometers
- -55 to 0 degrees Celcius, the temperature becomes higher as the altitude increases
- Contains the most ozone
- 12 to 50 kilometers
- Mesosphere
- 50 to 80 kilometers
- -90 to 0 degrees Celcius, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases
- 50 to 80 kilometers
- Thermosphere
- 50 to 600 kilometers
- -90 to 2000+ degrees Celcius, the temperature increases as the altitude increases
- 50 to 600 kilometers
- Tropopause
- Stratopause
- Mesopause
- the shell of gas that surrounds the Earth (troposphere)
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