Pressure And Moments

Pressure
1. Pressure is the effect of a force acting on an area. Pressure can be increased either by increasing the force or by decreasing the area.
2. Pressure can be calculated from the formula:
  1. pressure=force (divided by) area
3. The SI unit of pressure is the newton per square metre (N/m2). This unit is called the pascal (Pa).
  1. 1N/m2 = 1Pa
Gas
1. Gas pressure is produced by gas molecules colliding with the container walls, and with anything in the gas.
2. A gas is compressible. It can be squeezed into a smaller volume by increasing the pressure in it.
3. Pneumatic describes the action of machines that use gas pressure to work.
Liquid
1. A liquid is incompressible, it cannot be squeezed into a smaller volume.
2. Applied pressure is transmitted throughout a liquid or a gas inside a container.
3. Hydraulic describes the action of machines that use liquid pressure to work.
4. Pressure increases with dept. This is because the weight of the liquid or gas overhead increases with depth.
Moments
1. The turning effect of a force is called a moment.
2. The moment of a force can be increased either by increasing the force, or by increasing the distance of the force from the turning point (pivot).
3. The moment of a force can be calculated from the formula:
  1. moment= force x distance of force from pivot
4. The principle of moments states that an object is balanced when clockwise and anticlockwise turning moments are equal.
5. A lever uses the principle of moments to amplify the force, or the distance moved, when an effort is used to move a load.

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