11. Gas exchange in humans

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Syllabus (extended) 2021
Brigitte Bunge
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Brigitte Bunge
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11. Gas exchange in humans
  1. list the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans
    1. large surface area
      1. thin surface
        1. good blood supply
          1. good ventilation with air
          2. name and identify
            1. lungs
              1. diaphragm
                1. ribs
                  1. intercostal muscles
                    1. internal
                      1. external
                      2. larynx
                        1. trachea
                          1. bronchi
                            1. bronchioles
                              1. alveoli

                                Nota:

                                • and associated capillaries
                              2. state the functions of the cartilage in the trachea
                                1. Explain the role of...... in producing volume and pressure changes in the thorax leading to the ventilation of the lungs
                                  1. ribs
                                    1. internal intercostal muscles
                                      1. external intercostal muscles
                                        1. diaphragm
                                        2. state and explain the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
                                          1. oxygen
                                            1. carbon dioxide
                                              1. water vapour
                                              2. investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air
                                                1. using limewater

                                                  Nota:

                                                  • as a test for carbon dioxide
                                                2. investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on rate and depth of breathing
                                                  1. explain the link between physical activity and depth of breathing

                                                    Nota:

                                                    • in terms of increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, detected by the brain, causing an increased rate of breathing Carbon dioxide lowers the pH of the blood Carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be excreted
                                                  2. explain the role of ..... in protecting the gas exchange system from pathogens and particles
                                                    1. goblet cells
                                                      1. mucus
                                                        1. ciliated cells
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