Making of Modern South Africa

Imperialism
1. definition: the practice of increasing a nations power by taking control of other nations and their resources
2. Britain
  1. new investment opportunities
  2. protection of existing trade
  3. spread british beliefs
Piet Retief
1. traveller boer
2. attempted to make peace with the zulu
  1. warrior tribe
  2. zulu murdered travellers during a peace dinner
    1. Boers fight back
      1. 3,000 zulus died
      2. blood river
      3. Boer nationalism
        sense of victory over wild and adversity
    2. retief also killed
Anglo-Boer War
1. Cecil Rhodes became Premier of Cape Town
  1. arch enemy of Paul kruger - premier of transvaal
    1. in order to fulfill the telegraph plan it need to pass through transvall
2. failure of Jameson Raid
  1. firing of cecile
  2. tensions between Boers and british
    1. each side expected the other to be plotting a war
  3. broke trust
3. 11th October 1899 - war declared
  1. british thought the war would be easy - BEF (British Expeditionary force
  2. 1. The Boer Offensive - Pre-emptive attack - Oct to dec
    1. 2. British Offensive Jan 1900 - new soldiers
      1. 3. Guerrila Campaign
        Boers turned disdvantages to advantages
        used their knowledge of the land
        Boers didnt have a uniform
        created a sense of confusion
4. Scorched Earth Campaign
  1. British burnet everything
    1. not food or resources
    2. March 1901
5. Ended may 1902 - Boer's surrendered
  1. Treaty of Vereeninging
    1. very generous terms to Boers due to british embarassment for their treatment
    2. self government, payed debts etc.
Colonisation
1. silk road
  1. dangerous and needed a safer route
    1. trip by boat was very long and trecherous around Africa
2. Dutch East India Company
  1. set up colony in Cape town as a bass for ships
    1. Van Riebeeck and 125 settlers
    2. Left 24 December 1651 - arrived 5 April 1652
    3. 1657: Settlement Successful
3. 1658: Slaves introduced
  1. cheap labour
  2. alot to do
  3. came from east coast of africa and madagascar
4. constant market from passing ships
5. Boer Nationalism
  1. over coming adversity
  2. settlers associated more with the cape than the netherland
Arrival of the British
1. 1795 - Cape given as a present for helping defeat Napolean
2. gained control in 1814
3. Boer felt betrayed and that it wasnt the Dutch gov's land to give
4. changes caused tensions
  1. british newspaper
  2. English speaking schools
  3. British legal system
5. 1833: British Emmancipation Act - ban on slavery
  1. Boers lost power and workers
6. Boers left and spread to other parts of South Africa
  1. 15,000 people
  2. 1834-1840
  3. deaths : starvation, disease, animals, tribes
7. first boer state - Natalia - 1839
  1. taken my British in 1843
8. 1856: Boer states joined to form South African republic
  1. british lost interest due to no seeming value
Gold Rush
1. 1867: Gold discovered in North Orange River
2. Brought thousands of foreigners of 'Utilanders '
  1. 10,000 people of mixed origin
3. 1896: Johannesburg built around this industry
4. Cecile Rhodes
  1. owned a number of diamond companies
    1. bought a lot of mines
  2. wanted british control of South Africa back
  3. wanted to connect Cape town with Cairo due to british connection with Egypt
Consolidation of the White State
1. white people have all the power
2. 1910: modern day South Africa was created
3. 1912: Protest groups emerge - ANC
  1. educated black South Africans wanting equal rights
    1. Segregation
      1. Black citizens had 0 rights
      2. 1943: Youth league of Anc

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