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ESL Approaches & Methods
- Communicative Approach
- a student-centered emphasis on
communication and meaningful
acquisition of knowledge
- ICB
- providing content-based second language
instruction using academic thematic units
- Theme provides context for academic
&language development
- allows CLD students to
acquire CALF in a natural
way
- Theme provides context for academic
&language development
- students receive comprehensible input
- To provide comprehensible input, class material may be pre-modified
by a teacher.
- To provide comprehensible input, class material may be pre-modified
by a teacher.
- language=a medium of instruction and learning
- Integrated Content-Based Instruction
- ESL teacher typically delivers classroom instruction
- promotes negotiation of meaning in context
- key factors
- use of a variety of media
- For this, I often use TED Talk, movie clips, songs (there are tons of
children's English songs on YouTube), podcasts from NPR or Voice of
America, reading materials from Readworks, and so on, depending on the age level.
- For this, I often use TED Talk, movie clips, songs (there are tons of
children's English songs on YouTube), podcasts from NPR or Voice of
America, reading materials from Readworks, and so on, depending on the age level.
- development of students' thinking skills
- student-centered instruction
- use of a variety of media
- providing content-based second language
instruction using academic thematic units
- Sheltered Method
- SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol)
- ease the transition for ELL from
special English instruction to the
general education classroom
- exclusively of English learners
- content subjects taught with modifications
- making content accessible
- making content accessible
- delivered by a content subject teacher with some expertise
in ESL methodology or team-taught by an ESL
teacher&content subject teacher
- explicitly emphasizes language and content objectives
- This seems to be one of the most important thing in SIOP model.
A teacher may inform the lesson objectives in the beginning of
class. This will guide students to know what to focus and prevent
them from feeling lost in the middle of the class.
- This seems to be one of the most important thing in SIOP model.
A teacher may inform the lesson objectives in the beginning of
class. This will guide students to know what to focus and prevent
them from feeling lost in the middle of the class.
- potect ELLs from factors
reflected in the affective
filter hypothesis (anxiety,
confusion, ...)
- combines philosophies,
strategies, and techniques that
appropriately recognize the
many challanges that CLD
students confront. Profives
instruction that is
comprehensible, relevant,
motivating.
- hands-on activities
- cooperative learning
- guarded vocabulary
- SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol)
- ICB
- a student-centered emphasis on
communication and meaningful
acquisition of knowledge
- Cognitive Approach
- CALLA
- Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
- focus: strenghening
curriculum, instruction,
teacher expertise throughout
the entire period that ELL are
developing academic
competence in English
- from beginning to advanced levels
- from beginning to advanced levels
- THREE INTEGRATED COMPONENTS
- topics from the major content subjects
- a foundation for learning grade-level
information in academic subjects
- practice skills & processes in the content area
- more motivating than language alone
- authentic context for learning
- identify content objectives
- linking the topic to prior knowledge
- hands-on, minds-on experiences
- use of technical vocabulary
- explicit instruction in strategies
- Although it was in a different setting, I remember this was an important aspect of English classes
in Korean public schools. I used to work as an English textbook developer and developing
curriculum was one of my jobs. We had a guideline for public education from the Department of
Education, and were required to integrate content subject areas and English language functions.
For example, in a chapter, students would learn climate change (science) and language phrases
"we should/shouldn't".
- a foundation for learning grade-level
information in academic subjects
- development of academic language & literacy
- includes all four language skills
- model academic language
- encourage students' language awareness
- higher-level questions
- I find Bloom's taxonomy so much
helpful. When preparing questions
prior to the class, I usually check
with this to make sure I'm
providing questions in different
levels.
- I find Bloom's taxonomy so much
helpful. When preparing questions
prior to the class, I usually check
with this to make sure I'm
providing questions in different
levels.
- includes all four language skills
- explicit instruction in learning strategies for content & SLA
- topics from the major content subjects
- Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach
- a learner-centered focus on explicit teaching of
learning strategies in communicative ways
- CALLA
- Grammatical/Grammar-Based Approach
- a teacher-centered emphasis on the rules and
structure of the target language
- Grammar-Translation Method
- Direct Method
- Audiolingual Method
- Grammar-Translation Method
- a teacher-centered emphasis on the rules and
structure of the target language
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
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