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The Cell
- Cell Theory
- all living things are composed of cells
- the cell is the basic unit of life
- cells arise only from pre-existing cells
- cells carry genetic information in the
form of DNA, this genetic material is
passed from parent to daughter
- all living things are composed of cells
- Eukaryotic Cells
- Can be unicellular or multicellular
- Contain a true nucleus
- Major organelles: Golgi, ER,
ribosomes, cytoplasm, mitochondrion,
lysosome, nuclear membrane, cell
membrane, nucleus, nucleolus,
centrioles, endocytotic vesicle
- Organelles are membrane bound
which allows for compartmentalization
- Membranes consist of a
phospholipid bilayer
- Can be unicellular or multicellular
- Nucleus
- contains all genetic material necessary for replication of cell
- surrounded by nuclear
membrane which has pores
that allow for selective
two-way exchange
- rRNA is synthesized
in the nucleolus
- contains all genetic material necessary for replication of cell
- Mitochondrion
- contains own genes and replicates independent of nucleus via binary fission
- start apoptosis by by releasing enzymes from ETC
- Makes ATP from TCA
cycle and oxidative
phosphorylation
- contains own genes and replicates independent of nucleus via binary fission
- Lysosome
- contain hydrolytic enzymes that break
down many different cellular waste products
- Can start apoptosis by
releasing hydrolytic enzymes
- contain hydrolytic enzymes that break
down many different cellular waste products
- ER
- Rough
- studded with ribosomes
which translate proteins
directly in to RER lumen
- studded with ribosomes
which translate proteins
directly in to RER lumen
- Smooth
- lipid synthesis,
detoxification,
transports proteins
from RER to Golgi
- lipid synthesis,
detoxification,
transports proteins
from RER to Golgi
- Rough
- golgi
- modifies cellular products
from RER by adding carb.,
phosphate, or sulfate groups
- also adds signals to direct
cell. products to different
parts of the cell
- modifies cellular products
from RER by adding carb.,
phosphate, or sulfate groups
- Peroxisomes
- Contains hydrogen peroxide- break
down fatty acids in B oxidation
- Contains hydrogen peroxide- break
down fatty acids in B oxidation
- cytoskeleton
- Provides structure to cell
- microfilaments
- made of actin
- can use ATP to generate force for
movement by interacting with myosin
- divides matter between
daughter cells and forms
the cleavage furrow
- made of actin
- microtubules
- made of tubulin
- provides pathways for
kinesin and dynein
- composes flagella and cilia
- cilia: move materials
along cell surface
- Flagella: Move cells
- cilia: move materials
along cell surface
- centrioles: organizing
centers for mictotubules
- made of tubulin
- intermediate filaments
- cell to cell adhesion
- anchors organelles
- cell to cell adhesion
- Provides structure to cell
- Tissue
- epithelial: covers
body and lines
cavities, provides
protection against
pathogen invasion
- parenchyma=function
of organs, polarized
- simple: one layer
- stratified: multiple layers
- pseudostratified: looks
stacked, but isn't
- cuboidal: cubed shaped
- columnar: long and thin
- squamous: flat and scale like
- parenchyma=function
of organs, polarized
- connective tissue: supports
body and provides framework
for epithelial cells to carry out
function
- epithelial: covers
body and lines
cavities, provides
protection against
pathogen invasion
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