B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis

Descripción

GCSE Core Science Mapa Mental sobre B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis, creado por Flo Sumpter el 13/04/2021.
Flo Sumpter
Mapa Mental por Flo Sumpter, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Flo Sumpter
Creado por Flo Sumpter hace más de 3 años
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Resumen del Recurso

B1 cells - chromosomes and mitosis
  1. chromosomes contain genetic information
    1. most cells in the body have a nucleus. The nucleus contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes
      1. chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules.
        1. each chromosomes carries a large number of genes. Different genes control the development of different characteristics.
          1. body cells normally have 2 copies of each chromosomes
            1. one from the organism's 'mother'
              1. one from the organisms 'father'
                1. so humans have 2 copies of chromosome 1 and 2 copies of chromosome 2
                2. humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
                3. the cell cycle makes new cells for growth, development and repair
                  1. body cells in multicellular organisms divide to produce new cells as part of a series of stages called the cell cycle
                    1. the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides is called mitosis
                      1. multicellular organisms use mitosis to grow or replace cells that have been damaged
                        1. the end of the cell cycle results in 2 new identical daughter cells, with the same number of chromosomes
                        2. growth and DNA replication
                          1. in a cell that's not dividing, the DNA is all spread out in long strings.
                            1. Before it divides, the cell has to grow and increase the amount of subcellular structures such as mitochondria and ribosomes
                              1. it then duplicates its DNA - so there's one copy for each new cell. The DNA is copied and forms X - shaped chromosomes. each 'arm' of the chromosome is an exact duplicate of the other.
                              2. mitosis
                                1. once its contents and DNA have been copied the cell is ready for mitosis
                                  1. the chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and cell fibres pull them apart.
                                    1. the 2 arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell
                                    2. membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes.
                                      1. these become the new nuclei of the 2 new cells - the nucleus has divided
                                      2. lastly, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide.
                                        1. the cell has now produced 2 new identical daughter cells. The daughter cells contain exactly the same DNA - they're identical. Their DNA is also identical to the parent cell.
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