Morals that
individuals are taught
constrain their
behavior
Cultural Perspective
Deviance as a collective act,
driven and carried out by
groups of people
Interactionist Perspective
Looks at every day
life behavior
Chapter 6 - Functionalism:
The Normal and the
Pathological
There is no society that is not confronted with the problem of criminality
Normal = the existence of
criminality, provided it doesn't
exceed a certain level
Just because criminality is a normal part of
society, doesn't mean it shouldn't be
contained and dissuaded
Chapter 7 - Social Structure and Anomie
Discover how comw social structure exert a definite pressure
upon certain persons in the society to engage in
nonconforming rather than conforming conduct
Patterns of Cultural Goals and Institutional Norms
Culturally defined goals, purposes and interests
Things worth striving for
Element of the cultural structure that defines,
regulates and controls the acceptable modes of
reaching out for these goals
Types of Individual Adaptation
Conformity
Conformity to both
cultural goals and
institutionalized means
Innovation
Success - Goal /
Wealth & Power
Ritualism
Abandoning or scaling down of lofty cultural
goals where one's aspirations can be satisfied
Retreatism
The rejection of cultural goals and
institutional means (Least common)
Rebellion
Leads mean outside the environing
social structure to a greatly modified
social structure
Chapter 8 - Differential Association
Criminal behavior is learned
Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of communication
The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups
When criminal behavior is learned , the learned includes: techniques the specific direction of motive, drives, rationalizations and attitiudes
The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definition of the legal codes as favorable or unfavorable
A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law
Differential associations may vary in frequency, duration, priority and intensity.
The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anti-criminal patterns
involves all of the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning
While criminal behavior is an expression of general needs and values, it is not explained by those
general needs and values, since noncriminal behavior is an expression of the same needs and values
Chapter 9 - Control Theory
Elements of the Bond
Attachment
Sensitivity
Commitment
Reputation
Involvement
Busy with conventional activities
Belief
Value system
Chapter 10 - Feminist Theory
A feminist approach to delinquency means construction of explanations
of female behavior that are sensitive to it's patriarchal context
Criminalizing Girls Survival
Girls are more likely to be referred
to court by "sources other than law
enforcement" - such as parents
Girls are more likely to be victims of abuse
Female Delinquency, Patriarchal Authority and Family Courts
Throughout most of the courts history, virtually all female delinquency has
been placed within the larger context of girls sexual behavior.
Research in both the dynamics of girls delinquency and official reactions to
that behavior is essential to the development of theories of delinquency that
are sensitive to it's patriarchal as well as class and racial context
Chapter 11 - The Constructionist Stance
The Emergence of Constructionism
Berge and Luckmann's: The Social Construction of Reality
Labeling Theory
Conflict theorists argued it
ignored how elites shaped
definitions of deviance
The Constructionist Response
The sociology of social problems
Flexible
The Return to Deviance
Continuation of earlier
research on the
labeling process
Constructionism's Domain
How forms of deviance
emerge and evolve
Deviance, like all reality, is constantly being constructed