20th Century ideas in Ireland-

Ulster Loyalism
1. Ideology- Ulster Loyalism defined in it's simplest form is, loyalty to Ulster. You don't have loyalty to a government, government or party. you must have Ulster's best interests at heart and work to ensure that Ulster is not harmed or destroyed. You must be up for preventing any such possible harm or destruction to Ulster.
2. Significant event- Ulster Planation. The Ulster Plantations was the organised colonisation of Ulster. The colonisation was organised by the British, and many of the colonists came from Scotland and England. About half a million acres spanning across 6 counties were confiscated and given to Protestants of the Catholic faith. Because of this event, it continues to influence the Ulster Loyalism of today and makes them continue to not want to be a part of Great Britain.
3. Paramilitary- 1912 a group called Ulster Volunteers formed to stop the British Government granting self-rule to Ireland, but if they were to grant self-rule to Ireland then to exclude Ulster from it. This lead to the 'Home Rule Crisis' but was defused because World War 1 was about to start.
4. Historical figure- Billy Spence. Billy Spence was the founding member of the Ulster Protestant Action (UPA), and later became the chairman for UPA. Spence in 1966 gathered a group of militant loyalists. This group formed the Ulster Volunteer Force and were believed to be behind a group of bombings and gun attacks.
5. Political/ Religious beliefs- Most of the Loyalists declared themselves as Protestants. Many of them were labelling themselves as 'Ulster Protestants first and British second.' Many of the Loyalists felt that by ending discrimination against the Roman Catholic Church it would result negatively towards the Protestant community.
Ulster Unionism-
1. Ideology- That Ulster Unionism and Great Britain should continue to have some sort of political connection to each other and that the Northern Island continues to be a part of the United Kingdom.
2. Event- Acts of Union 1800. The Acts of Union united Great Britain and Ireland together on the 1st of January 1801. This has enforced Britain's place in Ireland, which has then shaped the Ulster Unionism's idea on Ireland should remain with Britain in some form.
3. Historical figure- Edward Carson was the first man to sign 'Ulster's Solemn League and Covenant' on September 28th 1912. The petition was a pledge from Carson and hundreds of thousands of others to reject devolved 'Home Rule' for Ireland and retain the Union with Great Britain.
4. Religion and ethics- Most Unionists in Ireland have been Protestants. This meant that instead of following the Catholic church like the Nationalists did, they were following the Western Christian Church's. Violent antagonism between the Catholics and Protestants developed in the 19th century and was resulted from history and religion. Because of the new settlers that had arrived from England and Scotland, they were not welcomed by the native Irish. This was due to the fact that the newcomers were given the best pieces of land. At first the Ulster Protestants couldn't overrule the Catholic majority, but after the victory of the Protestants supporting William of Orange at the battle of the Boyne, they prevailed.
5. Political figures- James Craig. He was the leader of the Ulster Unionist party and became the first Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. Terence O'Neill- He aimed to bring the Protestants into working relationships. Even though O'Neill seemed to believe in industrialisation and modernisation, it was clear he didn't want the Northern Ireland Labour Party to become an actual party.
6. Movements- The Orange Order- The Battle of the Diamond was what led to the Orange Order. The battle of the Diamond was a violent confrontation that happened between the Catholic Defenders and a Protestant faction. The battle took place on the 21st of September 1795, the victors were the Protestants who ended up killing between 4 and 30 Defenders.
Bibliography- http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/people/edward_carson https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800#Passing_the_Acts http://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Northern-Ireland.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon#Politics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill,_Baron_O%27Neill_of_the_Maine#Politics http://www.lurganancestry.com/diamond.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation_of_Ulster https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_loyalism#Paramilitary_and_vigilante_groups https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Spence http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/parnell_charles.shtml http://www.rte.ie/centuryireland/articles/home-rule-for-ireland-q-a https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_nationalism#Home_Rule_crisis_1912.E2.80.9314 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_republicanism http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/ire
1. http://www.history.com/topics/british-history/easter-rising
Irish Nationalism
1. Religion and politics- Most Nationalists were Catholics and declared their alliance to the Catholic Church, but they also recognised other Christian denominations and Judaism.
2. Historical figure- Charles Parnell. Parnell became an Irish Nationalist and statesman and then in 1880 led the fight for Irish Home Rule. In 1880 Parnell was supporting the Liberal Leader William Gladstone, but after Gladstone's Land Act didn't meet expectations, Parnell joined the opposition's team- The Irish Nationalist and became the leader of the party.
3. Ideology- Irish Nationalism declares that the Irish people are a nation. They support a united Ireland, and are 't interested in the British having any power in their country.
4. Significant event- Home Rule. Many other political figures had failed achieving Home Rule before Parnell. It was only the way that he ran the party like a machine, that he managed to pair the demand for Home Rule with the growing concern for tenant rights in Ireland that he was able to make the topic heard in parliament. This fits in with their ideology because the Irish Nationalists didn't want anything to do with the British.
5. Parties and movements- The Irish National Liberation Army was the left- wing nationalist group which was formed in December 1974 during the Troubles. Their aim was to remove Ireland from the United Kingdom and to form a socialist republic with all of Ireland.
Irish Republicanism
1. Ideology- Irish Republicanism believe that all of Ireland should be an independent republic and that the British should no longer have a say in how the country is run.
2. Historical figure- Michael Collins. Collins played a rather minor part in the Easter Rising although he did fight alongside others in the General Post Office. After being released from Richmond Barracks in December 1916, Collins returned to Ireland and began to revitalise the campaign to get independence for Ireland. After Collins was elected to the executive committee of Sinn Fein and continued to lead a violent campaign against anything that represented British Authority. Eamonn de Valera who was considered the leading republican politician in Ireland sent Collins to London in 1921 to negotiate a treaty. It took 3 months before the treaty was signed, and the treaty agreed that Ireland could govern itself but remain within the British Empire.
3. Political and Religious beliefs- Most Irish Republicans were Catholics because they were decedents of native Irish Catholics. But it's believed that many protestants were involved in the Irish Republican movement and even the IRA.
4. Significant event- Easter rising. Group of Irish nationalists declare the establishment of the Irish Republic. The rebels got hold of various buildings in Dublin and there was a fight between the Nationalists and the british troops. The leaders of the rebellion were executed at a later time and hailed as martyrs.

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20th Century ideas in Ireland-

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