Foundations of law

Foundations of law

Characteristics
1. rules
  1. guide behaviour
  2. define things
2. collective enforcement
3. positive law
  1. "laid down"
Law and morality
1. black and white v. grey
  1. setting guidelines
2. M: important for society
3. L: state enforcement
  1. moral--> legal counterparts
4. positive morality
  1. broadly accepted
  2. v. law
    1. law offers legal certainty
5. critical morality
  1. should be accepted rationally
    1. vs law
      1. certainty of clear reault
        content of law
        will be enforced
        consistent
Roman Law
1. sources of law
2. tribal customary law
  1. guidelines of behavior grew spontaneously out of society
  2. law of the people
3. unwritten
  1. codification
    1. customary law written down
      1. vs legislation
        L: created the law, did not exist before
Common Law
1. William the Conquerer
  1. royal justices
2. Precedent
  1. cision of a jugde is evidence
  2. court creates legal rules
  3. binding
  4. stare decisis
    1. stand by your decision
  5. case law
  6. British Commonwealth
    1. influence eachother
3. Equity
  1. petition to change ruling
  2. judge-made
  3. focus on fairness
Ius Commune
1. Canon Law
  1. Church
  2. marriages, contracts etc
2. Roman Law
3. students spread it over Europe
4. "common law"
5. Rationalist law
  1. Roman law
    1. reason written down
  2. natural law
  3. vs customary + positive law
Westphalia Duo
1. National law
  1. result of Peace of Westphalia
    1. nation states
2. International Public Law
Codification
1. legal unity
2. France
3. certainity--> written down
4. law making power to central agencies
5. influence of people
Interpretations
1. Literal Rule
  1. literal meaning of words
2. Mischief Rule
  1. interpretation to suit aim
3. Golden Rule
  1. revert to intention
Legal Families
1. Common Law Family
  1. England, Ireland, Wales
2. Civil Law familiy
  1. French familiy
    1. BE, FR, ES, P
  2. German family
    1. DE, A, CH
Transnational Law
1. Human Rights Law
  1. UN
  2. Ius Cogens
    1. no derogation permitted
2. European Union Law
  1. separate autonomous legal system
3. Lex Mercatoria
  1. commercial matter
  2. arbitration
4. does not belong to Westphalia Duo

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	Creado por Laura Tamás hace más de 9 años