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CH 7: How Cells Harvest Energy
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Biology Mapa Mental sobre CH 7: How Cells Harvest Energy, creado por dumb himbo el 13/10/2021.
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CH 7: How Cells Harvest Energy
organisms classified on how they gain energy
HETEROTROPHS
live on organic compounds made by other organisms
AUTOTROPHS
produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis
"troph" means to feed
"hetero" means different
RESPIRATION
all organisms use some form of cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules
METABOLIC PROCESSES
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
final electron receptor is oxygen (O2)
energy released in steps not all at once
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (not O2)
FERMENTATION
final electron acceptor is an organic molecule
ELECTRON CARRIERS
OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE
oxidation of glucose happens in stages:
GLYCOLYSIS
converts 1 glucose (6 carbons) into to 2 pyruvate (3 carbons)
net production of 2 ATP molecules bu substrate-level phosphorylation
2 NADH produced by reduction of NAD+
NADH must be recycled
occurs in cytoplasm
PYRUVATE OXIDATION (PREP STEP)
in the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is oxidized
EUKARYOTES
occurs in mitochondria
multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes reaction
for each 3-carbon pyruvate molecule:
1 carbon dioxide (CO2)
decarboxylation by pyruvate dehyrdogenase
1 NADH
1 acetyl-CoA
consists of 2 carbons from pyruvate attached to coenzyme A
PROKARYOTES
occurs in plasma membrane
KREBS CYCLE
oxidizes acetyl group from pyruvate
biochemical pathway of 9 steps in 3 segments
acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate --> citrate
citrate rearrangement and decarboxylation
for each acetyl-CoA that enters:
regeneration of oxaloacetate
release 2 molecules of CO2
reduce 3 NAD+ to 3 NADH
reduce 1 FAD (electron carrier) to FADH2
produce 1 ATP
occurs in matrix of mitochondria
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN & CEMIOSMOSIS
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
Screenshot+2021 10 13+1.30.21+Pm (binary/octet-stream)
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