Research Methods

Sample
1. Target population - group interested in studying
2. Sample - the participants
3. if the sample represents the target population then it is generalisable
Data
1. Types of data
  1. Quantitative - numbers
  2. Qualitative - words
2. Levels of data
  1. Nominal - Tally/total number of times something happens
  2. Ordinal - Rank order, from smallest to largest
  3. Interval - Precise measurement (universal)
3. Primary - collected by researcher
4. Secondary - gathered by someone else
Reliability
1. How consistent a measuring device is
2. Internal - can you replicate the study?
  1. Split-half method - compare results of one half with the other. if positive correlation its is assumed to be consistent
  2. Inter-rater reliability - if different observers get the same results
3. External - have the participants got a consistent result?
  1. Test-retest method - compare results taken on two different occasions
Validity
1. How accurate a study is
2. Internal - Does it measure what its meant to measure?
  1. Face validity - does it measure what its supposed too
  2. Construct validity - is the measuring device appropriate to the concept
  3. Concurrent validity - comparing it with a well established test
  4. Criterion validity - how well it predicts future performances
3. External - can the results be generalised to more people?
  1. Population validity - can the results be generalised to the wider population
  2. Ecological validity - resembles what will happen in everyday life
Ethics
1. Respect
  1. Consent
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Confidentiality
2. Competence
3. Responsibility
  1. Debriefing
  2. Protection from harm
4. Integrity
  1. Deception
Sampling methods
1. Self-selecting = people volunteer to take part
  1. not biased and got consent
  2. too many or not enough people
2. Opportunity = readily available at a certain time
  1. quick and convenient
  2. biased sample as from one place
3. Random = selecting names from a hat
  1. Generalisable and unbiased
  2. Impractical for a large target population
4. Snowball = participants contact friends and family to take part
  1. cheap - no advertising
  2. biased as they all know each other so will be similar

Siguiente

Descripción

Resumen del Recurso

Similar

	Creado por Cerys Gill hace más de 9 años