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Industrial Revolution
Descripción
Mapa Mental sobre Industrial Revolution, creado por Sebastian Martinez A el 13/11/2013.
Mapa Mental por
Sebastian Martinez A
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Sebastian Martinez A
hace casi 11 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
Expansion of farmland, good weather, improved transportation, and new crops such as the potato dramatically increased the food supply.
the increased food supply, the population grew
supply of money, or capital, to invest in new machines and factories. Entrepreneurs found new business opportunities and new ways to make profits.
natural resources were plentiful in Britain.
British ships could transport goods anywhere in the world
population growth and cheaper food at home, domestic markets increased.
Cotton Production and New Factories
Great Britain had surged far ahead in the production of inexpensive cotton goods.
spinners made cotton thread from raw cotton into cloth on looms.
This production method was thus called a cottage industry.
In1764 James Hargreaves invented a machine called the spinning jenny,
That make the spinning process much faster
in 1787 Edmund Cartwright invented the water-powered loom
it possible for the weaving of cloth to catch up with the spinning of thread.
. In 1782 Watt made changes that enabled the engine to drive machinery
Steam power could now be used to spin and weave cotto
steam engines were fired by coal, not powered by water, they did not need to be located near rivers.
In 1760 Britain had imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton
1840, 366 million pounds of cotton were imported each year
Factory owners wanted to use their new machines constantly
workers were forced to work in shifts to keep the machines producing
Coal, Iron, and Railroads
The steam engine was crucial
the engine depended on coal, which seemed then to be unlimited in quantity
Britain's natural resources included large supplies of iron ore
In 1780 Henry Cort developed a process called puddling
used to burn away impurities in crude iron, called pig iron, and to produce an iron of high quality.
In 1740 Britain had produced 17,000 tons
High-quality iron was used to build new machines, especially trains.
Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive.
It called "the Rocket"
Building railroads created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants.
Less expensive transportation led to lower-priced goods
Business owners could reinvest their profits in new equipment, adding to the growth of the economy
The Spread of Industrialization
Countries with industrialization
France
German
Belgium
U.S
Thousands of miles of roads and canals were built to link east and west.
Steamboats made transportation easier on the waterways
The railroad a single massive market for the manufactured goods produced in the Northeast
farm population
Women and girls made up a large majority of the workers in large textile
Social Impact of Industrialization
Population Growth and Urbanization
European population stood at an estimated 140 million in 1750
Population grows beocuse was a decline in death rates, wars, and major epidemic diseases, such as smallpox and plague.
Also Famine and poverty were two factors that impacted global migration and urbanization.
led to pitiful living conditions for many, leading urban reformers to call on local governments to clean up their cities.
New Social Classes
Industrial capitalism
the industrial middle class.
The bourgeois were merchants, officials, artisans, lawyers, or intellectuals in the middle ages
bourgeois came to include people involved in industry and banking, as well as lawyers, teachers, or doctors.
Work hours ranged from 12 to 16 hours each day, 6 days per week. There was no security of employment, and there was no minimum wage.
Steam-powered engines
Coal mines
Dangerous conditions, including cave-ins, explosions, and gas fumes, were a way of life
Cotton mills
women and children made up two-thirds of the cotton industry's workforce by 1830
child laborers declined after the Factory Act of 1833
women came to make up 50 percent of the British labor force in textile factories.
Early Socialism
owns and controls some means of production, such as factories and utilities.
the followers of Karl Marx
They contemptuously labeled the earlier reformers utopian socialists, a term that has lasted to this day.
Robert Owen
He believed that humans would show their natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment
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