Studying Deviance

Official Statistics
1. Numerical tabulations comiled by gov & social service agencies
2. Data sources: arrest, census, victim, medical, public health, court
3. Valitidy problems: unrecognized crimes, outdated categories & reporting
4. Child Abuse Reporting
  1. Opposing Problems: unreported vs unsubstantiated cases
    1. 60-65% unsubstantiated reports nationally
    2. 56% unreported cases to authorities
  2. 3 factors on child abuse statistical increases
    1. Social definition of abuse
    2. Media campaigns
    3. Mandatory reporting laws due to expansion of prevention/treatment programs, education programs, and public awareness campaigns
Field Research
1. Live w/members of deviant groups
2. Compiles richly descriptive and analytical information, generally longitudinal
3. Expensive, time consuming, lacks generalizability and objectivity
4. Researching Dealers & Smugglers subculture over 4 yr span
  1. Issues: effect of drugs on the data-gathering process, assuming risks while doing research, cultural clash between us and subjects, & ethical problems (initimacies/confidences,guilty feelings)
  2. Researcher became friends w/drug smuggler neighbor; was granted "membership" into group of smugglers after 1 yr
  3. Conclusion: Researchers had to become trusted, then reveal true self for real data, & use a combo of overt/covert roles. Study criminals in natural habitat showed complexity of their subculture; their dimensions of lifestyle, social stratification, social organization, and motivation.
Survey Research
1. 3 major surveys: National Youth Survey, Monitoring the Future, & Kinsey surveys
2. Used to compile information about behavior that isn't routinely collected by the gov/official agencies
3. Validity problems: inaccurate deviant sample group, deviants define questions different than author, & correlations considered casual.
4. Survey of Sexual Behavior of Americans
  1. Nation Health & Social Survey sample design
  2. Probablity sampling method of 20,000 people; 80% completion rate
  3. Face-to-face, telephone and self-administered
  4. Issues: where to draw boundaries in defining sex, appropriate language when asking about sex, slang deteriorating meaning.

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