Plant Cell

Nota:

• A rigid structure. Unlike the cell membrane, though, the cell wall lets proteins in based on size rather than consistency. Made up of cellulose fibers.  Semi-permeable. 

1. Cytoplasm

   Nota:

   • The jelly-like substance in the cell where everything's just sort of floating. 
   1. Cytoskeleton

      Nota:

      • A security network of microtubules and microfilaments that extend throughout the cytoplasm.
      1. Microtubules

         Nota:

         • These are small, hollow cylinders that maintain the shape of the cell. They are controlled by the MTOC (Microtubule Organizing Centre), and they act like a track for proteins to travel along.
      2. Actin Filaments

         Nota:

         • Extremely long and thin fibers that are like doubled filaments arranged in a helical pattern. They anchor the organelles and are partially responsible for cell movements.
      3. Intermediate Filaments

         Nota:

         • They form in between the Actin filaments and the Microtubules. They are responsible for the flexibility strength of skin cells. 
   2. Nucleus

      Nota:

      • The Nucleus is the library of the cell. It contains all the DNA, as well as the rRNA (in the Nucleolus). They synthesize DNA and rRNA. 
      1. Ribosomes

         Nota:

         • Made from rRNA and proteins. They joined with proteins and transported themselves over to the cytoplasm and to the E.R. for their final assembly. 
         1. Endoplasmic Reticulum

            Nota:

            • The Endoplasmic Reticulum is the first stop for proteins to get identified and synthesized. They travel through the inner cavity to the Golgi Apparatus to be further modified. 
            1. Golgi Apparatus

               Nota:

               • The Golgi Apparatus modifies and synthesizes proteins and lipids so they have specific functions within the cell. It also sends secretory vesicles to the cell wall/membrane to give strength to it.
               1. Lysosomes

                  Nota:

                  • The Suicide Squad. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down other cells. To do so, however, they basically explode into the cytoplasm and "die". 
            2. Smooth E.R.

               Nota:

               • Synthesizes lipids and they detoxify substances with peroxisomes.
            3. Rough E.R.

               Nota:

               • Protein synthesis occurs here.