GI - Oral Diseases

Nota:

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1. Leukoplasia
   1. Oral Hairy
      1. NOT dysplastic
      2. NO malignant potential
      3. EBV, HIV
      4. Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis
   2. Oral
      1. Dysplastic but BM is intact
      2. CAN'T be scraped off - DIFFERENTIATE from candida
      3. RISK FACTOR:
         1. Tobaco
         2. HPV,
         3. ill-fitting dentures
      4. Pre-malignant (5%)
2. Erythroplasia
   2. Pre-malignant ( > 50%)
   3. ORAL CARCINOMA (Squamous cell carcinoma)
      2. Endophytic (more dangerous)
      3. Exophytic
      4. Common Location
         1. ermilion border of lower lip
         2. floor of mouth
         3. Lateral border of tongue
         4. Spread via lymphatics
            1. Anterial cervical lymph node
      5. RISK FACTOR
         1. Tobaco chewing
         2. Alcohol
         3. HPV 16 & 18
         4. Ill-fitting dentures
         5. Cervical, penile, an anal cancer
      6. Investigation:
         1. Biopsy: malignant squamous cells with keratin pearls