Mr Ghassan's Yellow Spots

What is hypertension?
1. It is a condition where the blood pressure is higher than normal
2. It is due to long term force of blood against artery walls is high enough that it can lead to heart diseases
Classification of Hypertension
1. Normal - 120/<80
2. Elevated - 120-129/<80
3. Stage 1 Hypertension - 130-139/80-89
4. Stage 2 Hypertension - >140/>90
5. Hypertensive Crisis - >180/>120
Control of Blood Pressure
1. Rapid Control
  1. Controlled by baroreceptors
  2. Present in aortic arch & carotid sinus
  3. Involved with rapid increase/decrease of BP
2. Long Term Control
  1. Controlled by renin angiotensin aldosterone system
  2. Mainly occurs in the kidney
  3. Involved with long term increase/decrease of BP
Causes of Hypertension
1. Primary
  1. Age
  2. Diabetes
  3. Diet high in salt
  4. Inc consumption of coffee
  5. Family history
  6. Alcohol consumption
2. Secondary
  1. Obstructive sleep apnea
  2. Kidney disease
  3. Adrenal gland tumors
  4. Thyroid issues
  5. Congenital defects
Complications of Hypertension
1. Heart Attack/Failure
2. Aneurysm
3. Weakened/narrowed vessels in kidney
4. Thickened or torn vessels of the eye
5. Metabolic syndrome
6. Dementia
Management of Hypertension
1. Antihypertensives
  1. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
  2. Angiotensin II receptor blockers
  3. Anti adrenergics
  4. Ca channel blockers
  5. Diuretics
  6. Direct vasodilators
2. Lifestyle Modifications
  1. Weight loss
  2. Exercise
  3. Reduce salt consumption
  4. Limit alcohol consumption
  5. Quit smoking
  6. Reduce stress

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Mr Ghassan's Yellow Spots

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