3936203
Chapter 3: Genetics and Heredity,
Principles of Hereditary Transmission
- Genotype: Total endowment inherited by an individual
- Phenotype: Set of traits a person actually
displays, resulting from a combination of the
person’s genotype (potential) and life
experiences that modify that potentia
- A person's characteristics are created
by their genotype and their individual
experiences
- Phenotype: Set of traits a person actually
displays, resulting from a combination of the
person’s genotype (potential) and life
experiences that modify that potentia
- Gregor Mendel
- Hereditary characteristics
are determined by pairs of
particles called factors
- Factors later was termed genes
- Genes: the specialized sequences of molecules that form the genotype
- Genes are made up of nucleotides
- Nucleotides: Repeating basic building block of
DNA consisting of nitrogen-based molecules of
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
- The nucleotides pair together to create DNA
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid: Blueprint for genetic inheritance
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid: Blueprint for genetic inheritance
- The nucleotides pair together to create DNA
- Nucleotides: Repeating basic building block of
DNA consisting of nitrogen-based molecules of
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
- Genes are made up of nucleotides
- Information provided by genes are not always the same
- Alleles: Alternate form of a specific gene, provides a genetic basis for
many individual differences
- Alleles: Alternate form of a specific gene, provides a genetic basis for
many individual differences
- Genes: the specialized sequences of molecules that form the genotype
- Factors later was termed genes
- Genes are transmitted from parents to
children by gametes or sex cells
- Gametes: Sperm cell in males,
egg cell in females
- Gametes: Sperm cell in males,
egg cell in females
- Chromosomes were discovered around the same
time Mendel research was published
- Chromosomes: Threadlike structure of DNA,
located in the nucleus of cells, which forms a
collection of genes
- A karyotype: the pictorial representation of an individual's chromosomes
- Looking at a karyotype one can see the autosomes
and the X & Y chromosomes (sex cells)
- Autosomes: One of
twenty-two pairs of
homologous chromosomes
- X chromosomes: Larger of the two chromosomes, normally
females have two and males only one
- Y chromosomes: Smaller of the two chromosomes,
males have one and females have none
- Autosomes: One of
twenty-two pairs of
homologous chromosomes
- Looking at a karyotype one can see the autosomes
and the X & Y chromosomes (sex cells)
- A karyotype: the pictorial representation of an individual's chromosomes
- Watson and Crick
proposed the way
genes duplicate
and documented
the 46
chromosomes in
the human body
which led to the
mapping of human
genome
- Human genome: Entire inventory of
nucleotide base pairs that compose the
genes and chromosomes of humans
- Human genome: Entire inventory of
nucleotide base pairs that compose the
genes and chromosomes of humans
- Chromosomes: Threadlike structure of DNA,
located in the nucleus of cells, which forms a
collection of genes
- Hereditary characteristics
are determined by pairs of
particles called factors
- Cell division and Chromosome Duplication
- We were created by the uniting of the sperm
cell (23 chromosomes) and the egg (23
chromosomes) to create the zygote
- Zygote: fertilized egg cell
- From then on the cells begin to
divide through mitosis and meiosis
- Mitosis: Process of cell
division that takes place in
most cells of the human
body and results in a full
complement of identical
material in the 46
chromosomes in each cell
- Meiosis: Process
of cell division
that forms the
gametes;
normally results
in 23
chromosomes in
each human egg
and sperm cell
rather than the
full complement
of 46
- Mitosis: Process of cell
division that takes place in
most cells of the human
body and results in a full
complement of identical
material in the 46
chromosomes in each cell
- Zygote: fertilized egg cell
- We were created by the uniting of the sperm
cell (23 chromosomes) and the egg (23
chromosomes) to create the zygote
- Gene Expression
- If both parents give the child the same
gene its homozygous but if both are
different then they are heterozygous or
both could be observed leading it to be
codominance
- Homozygous: Genotype in which two alleles of a gene are
identical, have the same effect of a trait
- Heterozygous: Genotype in which two
alleles of a gene are different
- Codominance: Condition in which individual,
unblended characteristics of two alleles are
reflected in the phenotype.
- Some genes can affect
others leading it to be
different than detected
- Polygenic: Phenotypic characteristic influenced by two
or more genes
- Polygenic: Phenotypic characteristic influenced by two
or more genes
- Homozygous: Genotype in which two alleles of a gene are
identical, have the same effect of a trait
- Genomic imprinting:Instances of genetic transmission
in which the expression of a gene is determined by
whether the particular allelic form has been inherited
from the mother or the father
- If both parents give the child the same
gene its homozygous but if both are
different then they are heterozygous or
both could be observed leading it to be
codominance
¿Quieres crear tus propios Mapas Mentales gratis con GoConqr? Más información.