learning approach - behaviourist

Nota:

• a way of explaining behaviour in terms of what is observable and in terms of learning

Nota:

• learning by association - Pavlov's dogs

Nota:

• learning by consequences - Skinner's rats

Nota:

• a consequence of behaviour that increases the liklihood of that behaviour being repeated (positive or negative)

1. learning through association
2. used dogs to prove this

1. learning by consequences
2. positive reinforcement
   1. receiving a reward - increases likelihood of behaviour being repeated
3. negative reinforcement
   1. doing something which stops something bad from happening - behaviour is likely to be repeated
4. punishment
   1. unpleasant consequence - decreases likelihood of behaviour from happening

1. observable characteristics can be measured
2. measured within a highly controlled setting
3. can be repeated (replicated)
4. so greater credibility

1. real world behaviours
2. token economy systems in prisons
3. classical condition phobias
   1. less effort from patients
   2. don't think about their problems

1. all animals are passive
2. people play more of a role in their learning

1. behaviour determined by past experiences
2. ignores free will
3. Skinner - past conditioning determines our decisions

1. Skinner's box
   1. animals exposed to high levels of stress
   2. adverse conditions