Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception

Nota:

• Information from our 5 senses. 

1. Visual System
   1. Lens

      Nota:

      • Focuses light on retina
   2. Pupil

      Nota:

      • regulates amount of light
   3. Retina

      Nota:

      • sense organ for light
      1. Rods

         Nota:

         • black and white
      2. Cones

         Nota:

         • Color vision
   4. Brightness
   5. Color
   6. Saturation
2. Auditory system
   1. Vestibular system
   2. Semi-circular canals
   3. Loudness
   4. Pitch
   5. Timbre
3. Psycho Physics

   Nota:

   • Sensation begins with a detectable stimulus 
   1. Thresholds

      Nota:

      • The threshold is the minimum amount of change required to generate an action potential. 
      1. Fechner
      2. Absolute Threshold

         Nota:

         • In neuroscience and psychophysics, an absolute threshold was originally defined as the lowest level of a stimulus —light, sound, touch, etc.—that an organism could detect.
   2. JND

      Nota:

      • Just Noticeable Difference (JND) is a sensory environment for one person at a time lying in total darkness. The installation is based on Gustav Fechner's concept of the just noticeable difference: the ability to perceptually detect the smallest changes in sensory stimuli.
      1. Weber
4. Taste
   1. Sweet
   2. Sour
   3. Bitter
   4. Salty
   5. Umami
5. Smell
   1. Olfactory
   2. Pheromones
6. Touch
   1. Pressure
   2. Pain
   3. temperature
   4. Kinesthetic

Nota:

• Making sense of what we perceive. 

1. Feature Analysis
   1. Bottom-Up

      Nota:

      • Believe what we see
   2. Top-Down

      Nota:

      • See what we believe
   3. Ames Room
   4. Gestalt Form Perception
2. Perception of Vision
   1. Trichromatic

      Nota:

      • Eye has three types of receptors pairings of the same three colors: green, blue, and red. 
   2. Operant process

      Nota:

      • receptors act opposite Green, blue, and red. 
   3. Optical illusion
   4. Occipital Lobe