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Descripción
my microbiology fungi mind map
Sin etiquetas
nrafidah.271@gmail.com
fidafid96@gmail.com
nsajati.156@gmail.com
Mapa Mental por
fidafid96
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
fidafid96
hace casi 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso
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CHARACTERISTICS
Multicellular and multinucleated (expect yeast)
Spore-bearing organism
No chlorophyll
Rigid cell-wall (chitin)
Reproduce asexually and sexually
Primary storage- glycogen
Importance
• Primarily terrestrial
• Industrial
Fermentation: yeast used in making cheese, soy sauce bread, wine
Antibiotic: penicillin, griseofulvin
Organic acid: citric acid, gallic acid
• Research use
Saccharomyces cerevisaea: yeast model system for genetics, cell biology and cancer
Feeding forms
• Parasitic heterotrophs
• Mutualistic heterotrophs
• Saprobic heterotrophs
Fungi reproduction
Sexual
• Fusion of compatible nuclei
Homothallic
Heterothallic
Asexual
• May proceed through a spore form
• Mitosis
Sexual spores
Types
Basidiospore
Ascospore
Zygospore
Formation
Plasmogamy
Karyogamy
Meiosis
Life cycle
• Filamentous fungi reproduce asexually (fragmentation)
• Fungi classified by spore type
• Spores are formed from the aerial mycelium
Types
Chytrids (Chytridiomycota)
Microsporidia
Zygote (Zygomycota)
Sac (Ascomycota)
Club (Basidiomycota)
Taxonomy
Dikarya
Basidiomycota
Ascomycota
Paraphyletic
Zygomycota
Chytridiomycota
Chytridiomycota (Anaerobic Rumen Fungi)
Zoospores
Obligate anaerobes
Decompose cellulose
Breakdown lignin deposits into smaller pieces
Ascomycota
Some are human and plant pathogens
Sexual- ascus formation with ascospores
Red, brown, blue-green molds (cause food spoilage)
Some yeast and truffles are edible
Asexual- conidia
Zygomycota
Terrestrial-decomposes
Form zygosporangia- dikaryotic
Bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer
Glomeromycota (considered zygomycetes by some)
Basidiomycota
Examples: rusts, shelf fungi, puffballs, toadstools, mushrooms
Sexual reproduction form basidium
Decomposers
Edible and non-edible mushrooms
Plant pathogens causing rusts and smuts (dimorphic)
Urediniomycetes
Ustilaginomycetes
Microsporidia
Obligate intracellular fungal parasites that infect fish, insects and humans
Human infections
• Encephalitozoan cuniculi
• Entrecystozoan bienusi
Structurally similar to ‘classic’ fungi
• Contain chitin, trehalose & mitosomes
• Lack mitochondria, peroxisomes & centrioles
LICHEN
Association of a fungus & a photosynthetic symbiont
Involve ascomycete fungi & basidiomycete
Mutualistic relationship
• Algae (produces food) & fungus (provides protection, water & minerals)
Lichen may grow in extreme conditions & sensitive to environmental toxins
3 main types (based on appearance & structure)
• Foliose lichen (leaf-like)
• Crustose lichen (grow flat to the surface)
• Fructiose lichen (hair-like/ threadlike)
Assists in soil formation by breaking down rock
Mycorrhizae
Mutualistic association
Benefits (plants)
Increase surface area
Increase growth potential
Benefits (fungi)
Feeding from tissues of the plant
Mycorrhizal fungi
Truffles
Auricularia
Ecological Impact of Fungi
Modify habitat
Decomposers
Improve plant growth
Pathogens
Spoilers
Food
YEAST
Typically spherical/oval
Budding yeast (divide unevenly)
Non filamentous
Used in:
Baking
Opportunistic pathogens
Model organism in cell biology research
Fermenting alcoholic beverages
Microbial fuel cells
Unicellular
Fission yeast (divide evenly)
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