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Synapses and Neural Pathways
Descripción
Degree (Neuroscience) Psychology Mapa Mental sobre Synapses and Neural Pathways, creado por natalieclark29 el 02/12/2013.
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neuroscience
psychology
psychology
neuroscience
degree
Mapa Mental por
natalieclark29
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
natalieclark29
hace más de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Synapses and Neural Pathways
How do we measure communication between neurons?
Electrically: neurophysiology
Branch of physiology that deals with the flow of ions
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Advantages
Non-invasive
High temporal resolution
Disadvantages
Low spatial resolution
Only record from cortex
Multiple unit recording
Records brain rhythms
Synchronous firing produces measurable waves of activity
Advantages
Average spatial resolution
Average temporal resolution
Disadvantages
Only records groups of neurons
Invasive - mostly used on animals
Single unit extracellular
Advantages
Very high spatial resolution (multiple single neurons)
High temporal resolution (action potentials)
Disadvantages
Invasive
No knowledge of intracellular events
Intracellular
Advantages
Very high spatial resolution
Examine sub-cellular processes
Disadvantages
Fragile electrodes
One cell at a time
Only in anaesthetised animals
Chemically: microdialysis
Invasive procedure
Slow - sample every few minutes
Communication between neurons
Frequency is important, not size
If the stimulus is weak, only a few action potentials will be fired.
Spike timing
Rhythms occur when a lot of neurons fire action potentials at the same time.
Timing of an action potential relative to a rhythm can change the information it carries
Neurotransmitters work on post-synaptic receptors on dendrites
Ionotropic receptors
Transmit info quickly
Simple mechanism
Metabotropic receptors
Slow-acting and long lasting
Complex mechanism
Two types of neurotransmitter
Excitatory
Causes depolarisation
Glutamate
Inhibitory
Causes hyperpolarisation; stops action potentials from being generated
GABA
Excitation/inhibition caused by open ion channels
Four types
Autoreceptors
Bind to neurotransmitters released by the neuron on which they are situated
Can be anywhere on cell membrane; usually inhibitory; help self-regulate neurons
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