null
US
Iniciar Sesión
Regístrate Gratis
Registro
Hemos detectado que no tienes habilitado Javascript en tu navegador. La naturaleza dinámica de nuestro sitio requiere que Javascript esté habilitado para un funcionamiento adecuado. Por favor lee nuestros
términos y condiciones
para más información.
Siguiente
Copiar y Editar
¡Debes iniciar sesión para completar esta acción!
Regístrate gratis
423568
Challenges to the Rural World
Descripción
A-Level (GCSE) Geography Mapa Mental sobre Challenges to the Rural World, creado por juliasutton el 07/12/2013.
Sin etiquetas
geography
unit 2
edexcel
gcse
geography
gcse
a-level
Mapa Mental por
juliasutton
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Más
Menos
Creado por
juliasutton
hace casi 11 años
72
1
0
Resumen del Recurso
Challenges to the Rural World
lake district
Challenges
farming
Lots of land is too steep
to be ploughed
so soil is infertile and rocky
though climate
temperature falls by 1 degree every 150m in height
more days of frost higher up
Lots of snow in mountains
From October to May
less sun on the mountains
compared to the coast
lots more rain
hard so not many young people want to stay
Tourism
Cause congestion on roads
Positves
Lots of money
Lots of work
without it there would probably be few services
like buses
brings investment
seasonal employment
low paid
part time
Rural isolation
Far from cities
like Manchester
flood and cold cut people off
long journey to school
most local roads and windy
cause congestion due to more cars from tourists
hard to survive without a car
Counter urbanisation
Ageing population
young people moving away
increasing population
older people moving from cities to retire
causing problems with housing
Housing
Lots of second homes
and holiday lets
lead to increasing prices
unaffordable for locals
an lead to businesses being closed
because people are not there to spend money most of the time
40% in Ambleside
Changing services
financial cuts causing bus services to reduce
in villages shops face competition
causing pubs to close down etc...
hospitals are only in large towns
can be gard to get to in summer traffic
Cumbria
Popular National Park
Work
Tourism
hotels
Restaurants
provides 33% of jobs
Farming
Only 2%
few job oppurtunities
because it's cheaper to higher contractors to do the work
landscape would look very different with out it
Tertiary
little in quarternary industries
few high paying
attractive landscape for activities and sightseeing
Diversification
Low Sizergh Barn
dairy farm
educates people about countryside
& where food comes from
gift shop and cafe
sells own produce
farm based
Lake distrcit
Holmescales
hold corprete events for companies
to develop team skills
e.g paintballing
& adventure challenges
family events too!
Non farm based
because...
business is threatened
because of sudden events
whole income can be risked by one event
tripled hay prices in snowy winters of 09 and 10
Chernobyl explosion brought contaminated rain
have to expand business for a second income
EU encourages it and gives grants for it
widen range of goods and services
farmbased
or not
e.g. campsites
activites use farmland for different purposes
include other tourist facilites
drawing people to the lake district
day activities
or specialist holidays
e.g. organic farming or farm shops
Malawi
Middle Shire
Southern Malawi
Soil ersoion
pressure to create more farmland
due to rising demand for food
due to rising popuation
increasing price of tobacoo
people have to grow more to make the same amount of money
deforestation
Malawi has lost 13% of forests
impacts
heavy rain on clear slopes lead to surface run off
causing soil erosion
rivers and lakes have silted up with eroded soil
silting behind HEP dams reduces water flow
and reducing production of HEP
threatened eco-tourism
varying wildlife at risk
destruction of habitat
saving the soil
intergovernmental organisation
Japanese and Malawi government
project: COVAMS
community vitalization and afforesttion in Middle Shire
involves locals conserving soil and re-planting trees
tackling causes of problem
building rock barriers across streams
to reduce soil loss in rainy seasons
training villagers in conserving soil and tree planting
steep hillsides are 'stepped' to reduce surface run-off
growing fast growing trees to restore forests
intermediate technology
local materials
low-tech solutions
has improved crop yields & production of HEP due to a reduction in silt
Challenges
problems for farmers
increasing fertiliser costs
unaffordable
without fertilisers
farmers produce less
farmers earn less
due to rising oil costs
Falling tobacco prices
lots of farmers rely on tobbacco and lost all their money
climate change
will affect Africa more than any other continent
causing
water shortages
as temperature rises
decreasing rainfall
drought more often
steams and rivers dry up
Food shortages
caused by water shortages
Increased desertifcation
Lives are limited to low crop yields
don't have enough money for medical care or school fees
rural isolation
Isolated with poor infrastructure
when roads flood
rural areas can be cut off
can take several hours to travel just 20km to market towns
rural telecommunications vary
services are slow and congested
government is encouraging mobile phone usage
as it is easier than developing landlines
Rural-Urban Migration
lots of families in the Northare trapped in poverty
lives are limited by
low crop yields
small plots
low wages on plantations
paying for school and health care
limited health care facilities
rural families have poorer health
primary school is free
secondary school can cost a family a years income
solution
lots of young men go to cities in search for work
then send money home to increase family income
this means that lots of women and young children are left behind
Varying rural economy
80% of population works in farming
country depends on cash crops for exports
Cash crop plantations
plantations were set up by British
produce most of countries exports
e.g. tea
some still owned by British TNCs
employ lots of locals
exploit those who pick the leaves
only get about 0.5% of selling price
Tobacco tenants
Tobacco earns 10% of Malawi's GDP
almost all tobacco growers are tobacco tenants
lots are children
Malawi has highest child labour rate in southern Africa
about 78000 work
Tbacco owners allocate farmers a plot to produce a specific amout
owners lend them fertilisers etc
take out costs from future profits
supposed to supply food
but often runs out
many workers
lack medication
lack proper housing
lack clean water
cannot aford to live without children working
Small holders
majority of farmers
1.8 family farmers
average of 1 hectare of land per family
most just farm half a hectare
provide 80% of Malawi's food
subsitance farming
growing maize etc...
little income
can'r invest in fertiliser
become expensive due to collapse of economy
people with bigger plots
produce small quantities of cash crops
though money is usually used for school and health care
Improvements
development organisations
Governments
national
reigonal
International governmental organisations
Non-governmental organisations
Oxfam
Mushrooms
Malawi's government set up
Sustainable livelihoods programme
promoting growing mushrooms
new source of income
funded by UN
helping people grow mushrooms by
providing training
offering micro loans
to buy first mushroom compost
paying for advertising programme
promoting mushrooms as high protein and medicinal properties
advantages
cheap
sustainable
can use their own waste
to make compost
Success!
extra income is being used for further developments
first 2 storey home in village bulit
bakeries started
Fish Farming
NGO project
helping
Familes affected by HIV/AIDS
often fall into poverty
less able to work
15 locations
in Malawi
help by
digging small rein-fed pond
designed for special species
tilapia
feed on aquatic plants and kitchen waste
children and elderly can help out
benefits
cheap
fish are fed on waste
regular incoem
provides nutrients
Calcium
vitamin A
protein
led to fall in child malnutrition
provides water for crops in droughts
sediment at bottom makes good fertiliser
success
doubled income of 1200 households
increased fish and veg consumption
quadrupled fiah farmers
benefit women
30 % of those taking part
India
Biogas
benefits
cooking with produces less smoke
= less lung conditions
women and girls don't spend as long collecting firewood
have time to go to school
cows are kept in the family compund
making dung collection easier
after digestion sludge makes good fertiliser
methane produced can power electricity generators
Bangladesh
Grameen Bank
micro-fiance
began 1974
helping a few families to help them create bussiness items to sell
the scheme grew
by lending small, short term loans
concentrates on ending to:
women
it's harder for them to get money from other banks
communities for wells etc...
Farm Systems
simple structure
what goes in determines what goes out
Inputs
what a farmer invests in a farm
physical
relief (height and slope of land)
climate (amount of rain and sun)
soil quality
Human
rent or bank loan
labour required
cost of fertilisers and machinery etc...
energy costs
Custom
land ownership rights
Processes
jobs done to turn inputs to outputs
and the challenges that encourage or prevent this
ploughing
sowing
harvesting
shearing wool
challenges
Physical
flooding or drought
winter whether
Human
Changes to family
changes in prices
Outputs
any products and what happens to them
products for sale
cash crops
animal produce
products to be consumed
by owner
subsistence crops
animal prodce
for use on farm
manure
seed for the following year
young animal stock
South Africa
John Taolo Gaetsewe
district in Northern Cape provience
faces major health chllenges
access to health care is limited
a medical team from a TNC working near desicided to help
set up mobile health clinics
bring health care to remote locations
offering check-ups and treatment
will pay for 2 years
will then hand responsibility to government
Mostrar resumen completo
Ocultar resumen completo
¿Quieres crear tus propios
Mapas Mentales
gratis
con GoConqr?
Más información
.
Similar
Coastal Landscapes
Chima Power
GCSE geography natural environment
Archie Horwood
Tectonic landscape
Chima Power
Geography Coastal Zones Flashcards
Zakiya Tabassum
Using GoConqr to study geography
Sarah Egan
GCSE Geography - Causes of Climate Change
Beth Coiley
BELIEVING IN GOD- UNIT 1, SECTION 1- RELIGIOUS STUDIES GCSE EDEXCEL
Khadijah Mohammed
Characteristics and Climate of a hot desert
Adam Collinge
Unit 1: Business Studies GCSE
Libby Rose
MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH - UNIT 1, SECTION 2 - RELIGIOUS STUDIES GCSE EDEXCEL
Khadijah Mohammed
GROUPED DATA FREQUENCY TABLES: MODAL CLASS AND ESTIMATE OF MEAN
Elliot O'Leary
Explorar la Librería