Supreme Court and African American Civil Rights

1. 1873 - Salughter house Case

   Nota:

   • Undid work of congress. Stated that the rights of citizens should stay under state. This would allow segregation to maintain especially in the South for many more years
2. 1896 - Plessy v. Ferguson

   Nota:

   • Gave the principle of " separate but equal" would allow segregation but had to be of equal standard. Undid the work of congress with the Civil Rights Act 1876

1. Brown v. Board 1954
2. Browder V. Gayle

   Nota:

   • Segregation on buses unconstitutional 

1. Took little action to change anything
   1. Grover Cleveland
      1. Stressed importance for equal rights for all
   2. Theodore Roosevelt
      1. Met with Booker T. Washington
2. More action
   1. Woodrow Wilson
      1. Dismissed African American advisors
      2. Refused to meet with civil rights leaders
   2. Herbert Hoover
      1. Attempted to appoint racist judge, stopped by Supreme Court

1. FDR
   1. New Deal 1933

      Nota:

      • Would economically Aid African Americans
   2. 1941 - Executive Order

      Nota:

      • Banned racial discrimination in federal jobs
2. Truman
   1. Fully desegregated the army
3. Kennedy
   1. Began to draft new Civil Rights Act

      Nota:

      • Killed before he could finish it
4. Lyndon B. Johnson
   1. Civil Rights Act 1863
      1. Voting Rights Act 1864
5. Nixon
6. Reagan
   1. Suggested slowing down/stopping a fully equal society
7. Bush
   1. Conservatised Supreme Court

1. Emancipation Proclamation 1963

   Nota:

   • Without the formal freeing of the slaves no work could be done on civil rights for the newly freed slaves. Congress allowed the start of the civil rights
   1. 13th Amendment 1865
2. 14th (1868) & 15th (1870) Amendements

   Nota:

   • Gave newly freed slaves de jure equality. Techniqually from this point congress had given now African Americans equality. But this was no de facto
3. Civil Rights Act 1875

   Nota:

   • Reaction to formal segregation. Mainly in the South. Stated that public y areas should not be segregated.

Nota:

• Quite weak acts.