Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)

1954
1. Brown v. Board of Education
  1. The Supreme Court rules that school segregation is unconstitutional
    1. overruled Plessy vs. Ferguson
      1. "seperate but equal"
1955
1. Rosa Parks
  1. refused to give up her seat at the front of the "colored section" of a bus to a white passenger
    1. got arrested
  2. Consequence
    1. Montgomery Bus Boycott
      1. 1955-1956
      2. December 21, 1965: Montgomery's buses are desegregated
1957
1. January / February
  1. Southern Christian Conference [CLC]
    1. founded by Martin Luther King and two other men
2. September 24
  1. Little Rock Desegretation
    1. Nine black students are blocked from entering the school (orders of Governor Orval Faubus)
      1. Despite a year of violent threats, several of the "Little Rock Nine" manage to graduate from Central High
1962
1. October 1
  1. James Meredith becomes the first black student to enroll at the University of Mississippi
    1. President Kennedy sends 5,000 federal troops after riots break out
1963
1. Martin Luther King is arrested and jailed
  1. during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham, Alabama
  2. writes "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
    1. advocated nonviolent civil disobedience
2. August 28
  1. March on Washington
    1. fight for jobs and freedom
    2. attended by about 250,000 people
    3. largest demonstration ever seen in the nation's capital
    4. the march builds momentum for civil rights legislation
  2. "I have a dream"
1964
1. July 2
  1. Civil Rights Act
    1. signed by President Johnson
    2. prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, national origin
2. October
  1. Martin Luther King receives the Nobel PeacePrize
1965
1. February 21
  1. Assassination of Malcolm X
    1. black nationalist
    2. founder of the Organization of Afro-American Unity
2. August 10
  1. Voting Rights Act
    1. passed by the Congress
    2. made it easer for Southern blacks to register to vote
      1. Literacy tests, poll taxes and other such requirements that were used to restrict black voting are made illigal
1968
1. April 4
  1. Assassination of Martin Luther King
2. April 11
  1. President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1986
    1. prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of houses
3. November
  1. Shirley Chisholm becomes the first black female U.S. Representative
    1. served from 1969 to 1983

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Civil Rights Movement (1954-1968)

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