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The Evolution of Psychology
- From Speculation to Science:How Psychology Developed
- Philosophy, Physiology, and Psychology
- Psychology came from
the greeks which then
became the definition
as the "Study of the
mind"
- Philosophy evolved in
the time of the
Renaissance which
was the study of the
ideas about mind,
behaviour, and
human nature
- Wilhelm Wundt
was very
important to
the study of
Psychology as
he brought it to
be a discipline
- Wilhelm Wundt
was very
important to
the study of
Psychology as
he brought it to
be a discipline
- Philosophy evolved in
the time of the
Renaissance which
was the study of the
ideas about mind,
behaviour, and
human nature
- Psychology came from
the greeks which then
became the definition
as the "Study of the
mind"
- A New Science
is Born: The
Contributions
of Wundt and
Hall
- Wundt worked hard
to get psychology as
its own individual
study rather than a
branch under
philosophy and
physiology
- Wundt's first
laboratory came
about at the
University of
Leipzig. Also in that
time he published
his first journal on
psychology. Known
as the founder.
- More labs grew
through out North
America which
expanded the
research of
psychology that
much further.
- More labs grew
through out North
America which
expanded the
research of
psychology that
much further.
- Wundt's first
laboratory came
about at the
University of
Leipzig. Also in that
time he published
his first journal on
psychology. Known
as the founder.
- Wundt worked hard
to get psychology as
its own individual
study rather than a
branch under
philosophy and
physiology
- The Battle of the "Schools" Begins:
Structuralism versus Functionalism
- Structuralism was
based in the notion
that the task of
psychology is to
analyze
consciousness into its
basic elements and
investigate how there
elements are related
- Functionalism was
based on the belief that
psychology should
investigate the function
or purpose of
consciousness, rather
that its structure
- Natural selection, heritable
characteristics that provide a
survival or reproductive
advantage are more likely than
alternative characteristics to be
passed on to subsequent
generations and thus come to
be "selected" over time.
- Introspection, the careful, systematic self-observation of one's
own conscious experience. it was to examine the consciousness of
one.
- Introspection, the careful, systematic self-observation of one's
own conscious experience. it was to examine the consciousness of
one.
- Natural selection, heritable
characteristics that provide a
survival or reproductive
advantage are more likely than
alternative characteristics to be
passed on to subsequent
generations and thus come to
be "selected" over time.
- Functionalism was
based on the belief that
psychology should
investigate the function
or purpose of
consciousness, rather
that its structure
- Structuralism was
based in the notion
that the task of
psychology is to
analyze
consciousness into its
basic elements and
investigate how there
elements are related
- Watson Alters psychology's
course as behaviourism makes its
debut
- Behaviourism is a theoretical orientation
based on the premise that scientific
psychology should study only observable
behaviour.
- Behaviour is defined as to any overt response
or activity by an organism
- Stimulus is any detectable input from the environment.
- Animals were used to test during studies
- Animals were used to test during studies
- Stimulus is any detectable input from the environment.
- Behaviour is defined as to any overt response
or activity by an organism
- Behaviourism is a theoretical orientation
based on the premise that scientific
psychology should study only observable
behaviour.
- Freud Brings the Unconscious
into the Picture
- Freud develops the word of unconscious which
is defined as thoughts, memories, and desires,
that are well below the surface of conscious
awareness but that nonetheless exert great
influence on behaviour.
- psychoanalytic theory
attempts to explain
personality, motivation,
and mental disorders by
focusing on unconscious
determinants of
behaviour
- Freud's concepts were
incorporated into the mainstream
of psychology as more was
introduced within psychology
- Freud's concepts were
incorporated into the mainstream
of psychology as more was
introduced within psychology
- psychoanalytic theory
attempts to explain
personality, motivation,
and mental disorders by
focusing on unconscious
determinants of
behaviour
- Freud develops the word of unconscious which
is defined as thoughts, memories, and desires,
that are well below the surface of conscious
awareness but that nonetheless exert great
influence on behaviour.
- Skinner Questions Free Will as Behaviourism Flourishes
- Skinner made
behaviourism more
popular
- He only wanted to observe the
observable behaviour.
- Worked with rats and pigeons. Skinner seen that as the
animals did positive responses that would repeat then.
As they had negative consequences they would not
repeat the behaviour
- Worked with rats and pigeons. Skinner seen that as the
animals did positive responses that would repeat then.
As they had negative consequences they would not
repeat the behaviour
- He only wanted to observe the
observable behaviour.
- Skinner made
behaviourism more
popular
- The Humanists Revolt
- Behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory
became popular within schools.
- Psychoanalytic and behaviourism theory where blended then known as humanism
- Humanism is a theoretical
orientation that emphasizes
the unique qualities of
humans, especially their
freedom and their potential for
personal growth.
- Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers emphasized the
unique qualities of human
behaviour and humans'
freedom and potential for
personal growth.
- Abraham Maslow and Carl
Rogers emphasized the
unique qualities of human
behaviour and humans'
freedom and potential for
personal growth.
- Humanism is a theoretical
orientation that emphasizes
the unique qualities of
humans, especially their
freedom and their potential for
personal growth.
- Psychoanalytic and behaviourism theory where blended then known as humanism
- Behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory
became popular within schools.
- Psychology in Canada
- The first experimental lab was
at the University of Toronto in
1891 by James Baldwin.
- Teaching of psychology began at
the University of Montreal and
University of Toronto
- The Canadian Psychological
Association was formed in 1939
- Women make up most of
the psychology
memberships
- Women make up most of
the psychology
memberships
- The Canadian Psychological
Association was formed in 1939
- Teaching of psychology began at
the University of Montreal and
University of Toronto
- The first experimental lab was
at the University of Toronto in
1891 by James Baldwin.
- Psychology Comes of
Age as a profession
- Applied psychology, the branch of psychology
concerned with everyday, practical problems
- Clinical psychology is the branch of
psychology concerned with the
diagnosis and treatment of
psychological problems and
disorders.
- Clinical psychology grew in the 1950's as it was
a profession and a science during World War
two.
- Clinical psychology grew in the 1950's as it was
a profession and a science during World War
two.
- Clinical psychology is the branch of
psychology concerned with the
diagnosis and treatment of
psychological problems and
disorders.
- Applied psychology, the branch of psychology
concerned with everyday, practical problems
- A Focus on Culture and Diversity
- Canada is becoming a more diverse country
- Western psychologists were
becoming more interested in how
cultural factors influence
behaviour
- working to learning on
how culture is transmitted
through soclalization
practices and how culture
colours one's view in the
world.
- working to learning on
how culture is transmitted
through soclalization
practices and how culture
colours one's view in the
world.
- Western psychologists were
becoming more interested in how
cultural factors influence
behaviour
- Canada is becoming a more diverse country
- Psychology Adapts: The Emergence of
Evolutionary Psychology
- Evolutionary psychology examines
behavioural processes in terms of their
adaptive value for members of a species
over the course of many generations
- There was a gender differences in spatial ability
- Birth of the theoretical
perspective in mis 1990's
- Birth of the theoretical
perspective in mis 1990's
- There was a gender differences in spatial ability
- Evolutionary psychology examines
behavioural processes in terms of their
adaptive value for members of a species
over the course of many generations
- Psychology Moves in a Positive
Direction: The positive psychology
Movement
- Martin Seligman was elected as president of the
American psychological Association 1997, "Epiphany"
- He came up with positive
psychology movement which uses
theory and research to better
understand the positive adaptive,
creative, and fulfilling aspects of
human existence
- Three areas of study positive subjective experiences, positive
individual traits, and positive institutions and communities.
- Three areas of study positive subjective experiences, positive
individual traits, and positive institutions and communities.
- He came up with positive
psychology movement which uses
theory and research to better
understand the positive adaptive,
creative, and fulfilling aspects of
human existence
- Martin Seligman was elected as president of the
American psychological Association 1997, "Epiphany"
- Philosophy, Physiology, and Psychology
- Psychology Today: Vigorous and Diversified
- Research Areas in Psychology
- Psychologists usually specify in an area of the different branches of psychology
- Need different training and specific skills for each area.
- The nine different research areas in psychology. 1- Developmental psychology 2- Social
psychology 3- experimental psychology 4- physiological psychology 5- cognitive psychology 6-
personality psychology 7- psychometrics 8- educational psychology 9- health psychology
- Social and developmental psychology are popular research areas
- Social and developmental psychology are popular research areas
- The nine different research areas in psychology. 1- Developmental psychology 2- Social
psychology 3- experimental psychology 4- physiological psychology 5- cognitive psychology 6-
personality psychology 7- psychometrics 8- educational psychology 9- health psychology
- Need different training and specific skills for each area.
- Psychologists usually specify in an area of the different branches of psychology
- Professional Specialties in Psychology
- Four areas of applied psychology: Clinical, counselling, educational, and industrial
- psychologists do both research and application. Others are therapists or counsellors.
- Psychiatry is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological problems and disorders.
- Psychiatry is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of
psychological problems and disorders.
- psychologists do both research and application. Others are therapists or counsellors.
- Four areas of applied psychology: Clinical, counselling, educational, and industrial
- Research Areas in Psychology
- Putting it in Perspective: Seven Key Themes
- Themes Related to Psychology as a Field of Study
- Theme 1: Psychology is empirical. Empiricism is the
premise that knowledge should be acquired through
observation
- Theme 2: Psychology is Theoretically Diverse. its system of interrelated
ideas used to explain a set of obsevations
- Theme 3: Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context
- Theme 3: Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistorical Context
- Theme 2: Psychology is Theoretically Diverse. its system of interrelated
ideas used to explain a set of obsevations
- Theme 1: Psychology is empirical. Empiricism is the
premise that knowledge should be acquired through
observation
- Themes Related to Psychology's Subject Matter
- Theme 4: Behaviour is Determined by multiple Causes
- Theme 5: Behaviour is Shaped by Cultural Heritage.
Culture is a variety of shared customs, beliefs, values,
and norms
- Theme 6: Heredity and Environment Jointly influence behaviour
- Theme 7: People's experiences of the World is highly subjective. demonstrated by Hastorf and Cantril
- Theme 7: People's experiences of the World is highly subjective. demonstrated by Hastorf and Cantril
- Theme 6: Heredity and Environment Jointly influence behaviour
- Theme 5: Behaviour is Shaped by Cultural Heritage.
Culture is a variety of shared customs, beliefs, values,
and norms
- Theme 4: Behaviour is Determined by multiple Causes
- Themes Related to Psychology as a Field of Study
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