Unit B: Evidence of Evolution

1. Identify Organisms
2. Provide a basis for recognizing a group
3. CARL LINNAEUS
   1. Developed current system for biological classification
      1. Based on physical and structural characterisitics
      2. Kingdom - Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species

         Nota:

         • Kings Play Cards On Fine Green Silk
4. Taxon (Taxa)

   Nota:

   • Category to classify organisms

1. Latin
2. Uses Genus & Species

   Nota:

   • Only first name is capitalized In type it is italicized Written it is underlined

1. Bacteria

   Nota:

   • Unicellular prokaryotes (don't have a nuclear envelope)
2. Archaea

   Nota:

   • Similar to bacteria but have significant differences
3. Eukarya

   Nota:

   • Multi and unicellular eukaryotes (have a nuclear envelope)

1. Eubacteria

   Nota:

   • No nucleus, single celled, hetero/auto trophs, inhabit a variety of areas
2. Archaebacteria

   Nota:

   • No nucleus, single celled, hetero/auto trophs, live in extreme environments
3. Animalia

   Nota:

   • Nucleus, multicellular, heterotrophs, ingest food & are mobile
4. Plantae

   Nota:

   • Nucleus, multicellular, autotrophs, most are sessile
5. Fungi

   Nota:

   • Nucleus, multi/unicellular, heterotrophs, secrete enzymes & digest food externally  
6. Protista

   Nota:

   • Have nucleus, multicellular, hetero/atuo trophs, many nutrition mechanisms

Nota:

• Evolution of a particular species on a phylogenic tree starting at most ancestral form

Nota:

• Used to identify organisms - yes/no statements

1. Depth doesn't always indicate age
   1. Radiometric dating is best
      1. Half life: amount of time it takes for half the parent to form into the daughter isotope
2. DIRECT & PHYSICAL EVIDENCE
   1. Different species lived in the past
   2. Complexity increases from past to present
   3. Living species match fossils in their area

1. PANGEA

   Nota:

   • Fossils older that 150MYA lived on PANGEA and that is why they are found on many continents
2. New Islands
   1. Endemic Species (ex - Hawaii)

1. Homologous Features

   Nota:

   • Similar structures but different functions  - give evidence of evolutionary relationship
2. Analogous Features

   Nota:

   • Same structure and function but don't have evolutionary relationship
3. Vestigial Features

   Nota:

   • No useful purpose Ex) Whales have a pelvic bone
4. Embryonic Development

   Nota:

   • At the first stages of our embryonic development, we look like lots of other organisms which shows evolutionary relationship

1. Similar DNA sequences indicate evolutionary relationships

1. HUmans can select & breed traits quickly so these changes could've easily occurred naturally over time