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435238
Introduction to Social Psych
Descripción
PSY220 Revision
Sin etiquetas
university year 2
Mapa Mental por
Helen Li
, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por
Helen Li
hace más de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso
Introduction to Social Psych
2 axioms of psych
social influence is pervasive
people construct their own reality
3 MOTIVATIONAL PRINCIPLES
1. People strive for MASTERY
2. People seek connectedness
3. People value ME and MINE
3 OPERATING PRINCIPLES
1) SUPERFICIALITY VS DEPTH
2. CONSERVATISM
3. ACCESSIBILITY
TYPES OF RESEARCH
CORRELATIONAL
a. observational
FESTINGER ET AL - THE CULT: SEEKERS
Cult believed aliens would eventually come and destroy world
leader of cult could communicate w/ aliens
when date came for supposed alien invasion nothing happened
belief REMAINED - leader successfully "convinced" aliens to stop invasion
b. archival
looking at past research to try and come up with hypothsis
Nisbett & co found felony-related murders vs argument-related murders
smaller cities and more south had more arguments - culture of honour
c. survey
self-reported data
HOW TO AVOID THESE PBS?
Tell them its important to be honest
1970s Bogus Pipeline Technique? :P
Covert measures eg IAT
PROBLEMS WITH SURVEY
wording pbs
order effects
context effects
"institute of SOCIAL research" vs. "institute of PERSONALITY research"
response options
social desirability bias
PROBLEMS
not causation - only correlation!
directionality problem - which one is affecting which?
3rd variable problem
FIELD STUDY
horn honking and temperature
people honk more when its hot!
EXPERIMENTAL
IV and DV
random assignment
control group for comparison
manipulation of IV
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY :)
HUFFINGTON POST: SEXUAL ACTIVITY BY SMARTPHONE BRAND
between iPhone, Android & Blackberry
found iPhone users to have most sexual partners
does this mean iPhone users are more sexual?
NO! other factors eg diff in income, personality diffs etc
HEAT & AGGRESSION
baseball players more aggressive on hotter days
more likely to hit batter with their pitch!
RESEARCH PROCESS
1. Form a question
2. Search literature
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Create operational definition
5. Collect and analyse data
6. Propose/revise theory
WEB-BASED EXPERIMENTS
GOOD: collect lots of data and from wide range of ppl
BAD: likely to repeat p/s, ppl may not take seriously, read items carelessly, skip q.s
OBSERVATIONAL/NATURAL METHODS
GOOD: eco validity, easy to conduct, good for longitudinal studies
BAD: presence of observer influence behaviour, observer biases
good to have inter-rater reliability
SELF-REPORT/SURVEY METHODS
GOOD: collect data from many, ask q.s for range of topics
BAD: question wording. response options, inaccurate responses
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
RANDOM ASSIGNMENT
CONTROL
INTERNAL VALIDITY
Degree to which IV is only variable that affects DV
reduce demand characteristics to increase this
use deception
provide good cover story
high quality control condition
minimize experimenter expectancy effects
design studies with high sense of realism!
EXTERNAL VALIDITY
degree to which SAME RESULTS can be obtained if study were to be replicated & generalizability
design studies high in mundane realism
use random/representative sample
make participation convenient
conduct replications in diff settings
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
descriptive
using diagram/flow chart
thematic
look for themes in data (IPA)
discursive
consider why ppl phrase things the way they do
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
review of research by research ethics board
provide informed consent
protect confidentiality
provide debriefing
CULTURAL IMPACT ON RESEARCH
impact of language
Americans - monkey + banana
Chiense - money + panda
lang may affect accessibility of diff types of thought
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