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Chapter 7:
Cell Structure
and Function
- Cells
- Surrounded by
cell membrane;
contain DNA
- Prokaryotic
- DNA is in cytoplasm
- Generally smaller
- Unicellular
- Includes bacteria
- DNA is in cytoplasm
- Eukaryotic
- DNA is in nucleus
- Generally larger
- Uni/Multi Cellular
- Contain membrane-bound organelles
- Includes animals, plants,
fungi, and protists
- DNA is in nucleus
- Cell Transport
- Cell membrane - regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
- Lipid Bilayer
- Flexible, Strong
- Selective permeability -
particle can pass through,
while others cannot
- Lipid Bilayer
- Passive Transport -
no energy required
- Diffusion
- Molecules in a lipid or gas spread
out from high to low concentration
- Small molecules diffuse faster
- Particles keep moving back and
forth after they spread out
- Equilibrium is reached
- Equilibrium is reached
- Molecules in a lipid or gas spread
out from high to low concentration
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Molecules that can't pass the
lipid bilayer or diffuse through
specific protein channels
- Osmosis
- Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
- Occurs when solute is not able
to cross membrane
- Water moves through an aquaporin protein
channel, from a high to low concentration of
water, until solutions are isotonic
- Hypertonic - Solution has a
lower concentration of water and
higher concentration of solute
- Hypotonic - Solution has a lower
concentration of solute and a higher
concentration of water
- Isotonic - solutions are of equal concentrations
- Hypertonic - Solution has a
lower concentration of water and
higher concentration of solute
- Osmotic pressure
- Diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
- Molecules that can't pass the
lipid bilayer or diffuse through
specific protein channels
- Diffusion
- Active Transport -
particles move from low
to high concentration;
requires energy
- Molecular Transport - requires
carriers proteins that use energy
to move across the membrane
- Bulk Transport - Energy is
used to move larger clumps
- Endocytosis - large particles
enter the cell, through
infoldings of the membrane
- Pinocytosis - liquid
substances enter
- Phagocytosis -
solid substances
enter
- Pinocytosis - liquid
substances enter
- Exocytosis - large particle leave
the cell, as the package fom the
Golgi Apparatus fuses w/cell
membrane and is secreted
- Endocytosis - large particles
enter the cell, through
infoldings of the membrane
- Molecular Transport - requires
carriers proteins that use energy
to move across the membrane
- Cell membrane - regulates
what enters and leaves the cell
- Surrounded by
cell membrane;
contain DNA
- Microscope
- On Slide
- M
- P
- P
- M
- In scope
- W
- d
- d
- W
- On Slide
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