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Kant- Deontology
- Background
- Strictly religious
- Never travelled
more than 100 miles
- Sought a middle way between
rationalism and empiricism
- Deontology- based on duty, not love or
compassion (not found in morality)
- Strictly religious
- Duty
- Acting morally= your
duty=obey moral law
- Cared little about outcomes
- Not our duty to do things we are unable
to do- Duty= realistic
- 'Ought implies can'- morality=
perscriptive
- Duty leads to summum bomum. Need immorality
& God BUT reject theological arguments
- Fulfil our duty- act on opportunity, not be
selective, when you can, do!
- Acting morally= your
duty=obey moral law
- The Moral Law
- Objective, know
through reason
- Moral rules exist- know
without reference
- Moral statements= a
priori synthetic
- Morals gained by reason not experience
BUT may be right/ wrong
- Rational beings determine to a
prior synthetic laws because you
can't move from is to ought
- Objective, know
through reason
- The Three principles
- Categorical imperative
- Universal
- Experience gives
hypothetical
imperative- is/ought
- Categorical imperative
precedes experience
- Certain actions are logically
inconsistent and would make no sense
as universal laws
- Act as if maxim were to
become universal law
- Universal
- Treat humans as ends not means
- Rational beings are ends
- Humans= precious and at
centre of universe
- Humans= autonomous with
their own goals
- Ends promote euqality
- Rational beings are ends
- Kingdom of ends
- Act as if everyone
were treating
eachother as ends
- Moral principles= universal to
all rational agents
- Maxims e.g. I lie as others lie, make
world intolerable
- Act on rules where everyone
treated the same= fair society
- Act as if everyone
were treating
eachother as ends
- Categorical imperative
- Evaluation
- Strengths
- Distinguishes between
duty and preference
- Humans given intrinsic worth
- International law
based on acts
- Reliable system of
rules- universal
- Distinguishes between
duty and preference
- Weakneses
- Consequences may be sever it is
better to break rule
- Duties may conflict- Ross
Prima Facie Duties
- Maxims= tricky to
apply, which maxim
for which act
- Different sense of morality
- Consequences may be sever it is
better to break rule
- Strengths
Recursos multimedia adjuntos
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