Before the WOI

Before the WOI

Seven year war
1. Left Britian with a £133 million debt
Acts
1. Sugar Act
  1. 1764
  2. Aim: to raise revenue
    1. Duty of imported molasses reduced, with Importation of Rum banned
    2. Duty on imported sugar Increased
  3. Result: Resented and Ignored by the Americans
2. Quartering Act
  1. 1764
  2. Billet soldiers in colonies
  3. Aim was to make colonials take some responsibility in defence
    1. Result: Was resented as the army could have turned on them
3. Stamp Act
  1. 22nd March 1765
  2. Aim: to help pay off debt and pay for defence in colonies ( c. £60,000 )
    1. First attempt at direct taxation. It affected everyone
    2. On all Printing documents eg. Playing cards and newspaper
    3. Could only be bought from a stamp commissioners appointed in each colony
  3. Result: Virginia's "no taxation without representation"
    1. Stamp act Congress 1765, Not VA, NH, NC, GA
      1. Boycott of goods
        Declaratory Act 1766
4. Coercive Acts
  1. 1774
  2. Boston harbour closed
    1. British soldiers where garrisoned in locals' homes
      1. Result: stocking of arms, tensions grow
Townshend Duties
1. 1767
2. Charles Townshend, Chancellor of the E, wanted to raise revenue
  1. Resentment took 2 years
3. Not direct taxation ; aimed at imports, eg tea and china
Whats happening in boston!
1. Massachusetts led political opposition, all 13 colonies protest against king
  1. Orders from London dissolved colonial assembles
    1. Boston led Boycott against British imports
      1. Mob violence against customs officials in Boston harbour
        Sam Adams and others led Boston Gazette
        Troops sent to Boston
        1769
        Tension spilled before all duties besides tea was lifted
        22 Feb suspected customs officer kills 11 year old boy, Seider
        Sons of Liberty turned funeral into a political demonstration
        2 March, workers at rope factory attack redcoats
        Boston Massacre
        9pm 5th March 1770
        Snowy night
        British soldier protecting customs house attacked with clubs
        They dared Captain Preston to fire
        Ice hurled at Montgomery, who fell back. He fired causing others to fire
        Tea act 1773
        To save East India Company
        To hard for Americans to sell as price was too cheap
        Tea Boycotted: Philadelphia and NY sent back tea
        Boston Tea Party
        1773
        3 ships entered Boston Harbour carrying 114 chests of tea
        Crowds gathered daily to prevent unloading
        16 Dec, 60 sons of L disguised as Mohawk Indians emptied 342 tea crates
        It was an open challenge to British Authority
        5 died, 6 wounded. Dead treated like martyrs
First Continental Congress
1. Sept 1774
2. wanted coercive acts removed
  1. First united boycott on British goods
    1. Allegiance to crown but not Parliament
      1. Colonies wanted right to determine their own defences
        Result
        George III refused to repeal C act
        Huge increase of troops
        Colonies continued stockpiling

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