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Biology Unit 2.6 - Aerobic and
Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic Respiration
- The chemical reactions inside cells
are controlled by enzymes
- During aerobic respiration (respiration that uses
oxygen) chemical reactions occur that...
- use glucose and oxygen
- release energy
- use glucose and oxygen
- Aerobic respiration is continuous
in both animals and plants
- Most of the reactions in aerobic respiration
take place inside mitochondria
- Aerobic respiration is summarised by the equation...
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water +energy
- Energy that is released during
respiration is used by the
organism The energy may be
used...
- To build larger molecules from smaller ones
- In animals, to enable
muscles to contract
- In mammals and
birds, to maintain a
steady body
temperature in
colder surroundings
- In plants to build up sugars,
nitrates and other nutrients
into amino acids which are
then built up into proteins
- To build larger molecules from smaller ones
- During exercise a number of changes take place...
- The heart rate increases
- The rate and depth of breathing increases
- These changes increase the blood flow to the muscles and
so increase the supply of sugar and oxygen and increase the
rate of removal of carbon dioxide
- The heart rate increases
- Muscles store glucose as glycogen
which can then be converted back to
glucose for use during exercise
- The chemical reactions inside cells
are controlled by enzymes
- Anaerobic Respiration
- During exercise, if insufficient oxygen is
reaching the muscles they use anaerobic
respiration to obtain energy
- Anaerobic respiration is the incomplete
breakdown of glucose and produces lactic acid
(OUCH!!!)
- As the breakdown of glucose is
incomplete, much less energy is
released than during aerobic respiration
- Anaerobic respiration results in an oxygen debt
that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid
to carbon dioxide and water
- Anaerobic respiration results in an oxygen debt
that has to be repaid in order to oxidise lactic acid
to carbon dioxide and water
- If muscles are subjected to long periods of
vigorous activity they become fatigued, i.e. they
stop contracting efficiently
- One cause of muscle fatigue is the build-up of lactic
acid in the muscles. Blood flowing through the muscles
removes the lactic acid.
- One cause of muscle fatigue is the build-up of lactic
acid in the muscles. Blood flowing through the muscles
removes the lactic acid.
- During exercise, if insufficient oxygen is
reaching the muscles they use anaerobic
respiration to obtain energy
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