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B3: Life on Earth
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Mapa Mental sobre B3: Life on Earth, creado por sgovesc09 el 02/01/2014.
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B3: Life on Earth
Adaptation and Variation
Species is a group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring
Species adapt to theri favourite envoronment
Fish are adapted to aqatic environments
Gills
Streamlined bodies
Cactus is well adapted to desert conditions
Shallow but extensive roots which absourbs water
Variation in species
Some variation is genetic and is passed on
Mutations
Develop new characteristics
Natural Selection
process that cause evolution
Survival of the fittest
Organisms compete for resorces
Best ones win and survive
Best ones breed and evolution occurs
Selective breeding
Humans choos what gets bred
eg - cows that produce lots of milk
Evolution
Life began 3500 million years ago
The process of evolution can produce new species
Sometimes the same species become so isolated they cant interbreed
Natural selection
Mutations
Environmental change
Evidence
Fossils
Get more complex as time goes on
DNA
Similarities in DNA to see how life has evolved
Charles Darwin
Lamarck argued that more used characteristics
become more developed
Biodiversity and Calssification
Biodiversity includes
Number of species on earth
Range of different types of organisms
Genetic variation of same species
Maintaining biodiversity is important
More plants, more resources
New medicines
rate of extinction is increasing
Humnas destroying habitats
Humans hunting animals
Classification
Kingdoms
Plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, animals
Divided into groups, eventually get to species
Number in a class decreases, characteristics in common increases
Interactions between organisms
Everything needs light, food, O2, CO2 and water
Rely on eachother, interdependance
One animal dies, has knock on effects to other animals
Even possibly extinction
Energy in Ecosystems
Energy comes from the sun
Energy is transfered at each stage but some is lost
respiration
heat
waste products
uneated parts of organism
efficincy = (energy available to next stage/energy that was available to previous stage) x 100
The Carbon Cycle
Whole thing powered by photosynthesis
Eating passes the carbon from plants to animals
Both animals and plants respire releasing it back into the air
Plants and animals die and decompose whch releases CO2
Burning of fossil fuesl released CO2
The Nigtrogen Cycle
Decomposers - decompose protein and exretion into ammonia
Nitrifiing bacteria - turns ammonia in decaying matter to nitrates
Nitrogen fixing bacteria - turns atmospheric N2 into nitrogen compounds for plants
Denitrifing bacteria - turns nitrated back into N2 gas
Has no benefit to living organisms
Measuring environmental change
Non living indicators
Temperature
Nitrate level
Increase - sewage in water
CO2 level
Living indicators
Lichens
lots of - clean air
Mayfly nymphus
more - bad water
Phytoplankton
more - clean water
Sustainability
Meeeting the needs of todays population without harming the environment for future generations
Packaging materials can be more sustainable
Use renewable materials
use less energy
Create less polution
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