Change in China (1949-53)-Part 2

Organisation of people
1. 1950-51: Mass rallies+ counter-revolutionaries were public 'enemies'--> 1 million executed
2. 1951: Movement for the study of Mao Zedong's thought
3. 1951: 'Three Antis Campaign'
  1. Against corruption, waste and 'red tape'
4. 1952: 'Five Antis Campaign'
  1. Against bribery, tax evasion, fraud, theft of govr. property+spying
5. Young Pioneers
Economy
1. All banks, railway networks + 1/3 heavy industry taken from owners+given to state property
2. People's Bank opened in 1951 -- replaced all private banks
  1. Got rid of inflation by mid-1950s
3. Farmers had to sell 15-20% of grain to govr. at a low price
4. People had to pay agricultural tax to stop food shortage
First Five-Year Plan (1953-57)
1. 1953-57: heavy industry- steel,coal,machinery...
  1. But- light industry (cotton+food) was neglected so slow standard growth
2. 700 new production plants in Central China+Manchuria
3. Coal: 64->124 million tonnes
4. Steel: 1.3-> 5.2 million tonnes
5. Pig-iron: 1.9-> 5.8 million tonnes
6. Oil: 0.4-> 1.4 million tonnes
7. Dec. 1949: Mao went to Russia+met Stalin
  1. Treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance
Cooperative Farms
1. Why : Half of 300 million peasants from Agrarian Law could not farm own land as farms too small or not enough equipment/animals
2. 1953: lower-stage cooperatives
  1. 30-50 families(1 village) pooled land together to form one big efficient farm. Families still owned land but paid rent for cooperative use
3. 1953: higher-stage cooperatives
  1. 200-300 villages (many villages) pooled land together. Had to surrender equipment but paid for labour
Hundred Flowers Campaign
1. 1956: Mao said "let a hundred flowers bloom"
  1. People could have freedom of speech about govr., city problems...
2. June 1957: Mao cracked down on critics who were arrested + sent to labour camps
  1. No more freedom of speech

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Change in China (1949-53)-Part 2

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