Labelling

Labelling

Primary schools
1. Rists' studied kindergarten where the teacher MC 'tigers' at the front, and WC 'clowns' at the back
2. Teachers had expectations based on class
Secondary schools
1. Becker - teachers judged based on 'ideal' pupill
2. MC closer to ideal
High and low status knowledge
1. Keddie - labelled as high/low status, knowledge controlled accordingly
2. Set accordingly, given different level textbooks etc
Self-fulfilling prophecy
1. Teacher labels students, treats them different accordingly, pupil internalises expectation and sees themselves in that way - the prediction is fulfilled
2. Rosenthal and Jacobson - allocated some students as 'spurters', a year later 47% had significantly improved IQ
3. Can be rejected
  1. Wright studied Asian pupils expected to have poor linguistic skills and discluded. However, they dare highest achievers
Streaming
1. WC more likely in lower sets
  1. Can move sets
2. Higher streams are pushed
Pupil subcultures
1. Differentiation is a process that categorises students
  1. Polarisation is where pupils respond to streaming by moving towards one of two extremes
  2. Ball shows this still happens in schools without streaming bc of teachers
2. Pro-school subculture
  1. Commit to school values
  2. Seek academic success
3. Anti-school subculture
  1. Feel inferior and seek status through inverting school values
  2. More likely to be in lower sets
  3. Woods
    1. Integration - being the teachers pet
    2. Ritualism - staying out of trouble
    3. Retreatism - daydreaming and mucking aroung
    4. Rebellion - outright rejection of school values
Critcisms
1. Assumes pupils accept their label
2. Marxists believe it ignores the wider structures of power
WC
1. Labeled as low achievers
2. Black MC still low
MC
1. Labelled as high achievers
MEG's
1. Black - low achievers
2. Asian - high
  1. Pakistani low, Chinese high

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