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Organisations,Movements and Members
- Types
- Churches- large with millions of members, place few demands, have
a hierarchy of clergy, claim a monopoly of truth and are linked to the
state
- Sects- Small exclusive organisations, demand real commitment,
have a charismatic leader and claim a monopoly of truth
- Denominations- mid way between a church and a sect, less
exclusive, accept societies values, not linked to the state, impose
minor restrictions
- Cults- Not organised, individualistic, small loose knit group
- World Affirming- Scientology,TM. They offer a spiritual and
supernatural look for its followers promising success. They are
often 'customers'
- World rejecting- Moonies, Branch Dividians. Have a clear understanding of
God, are critical of the outside world. You have to give up your previous life
and fully commit to the movement's rules.
- World Accommodating- Pentecost. Usually are breakaway's from traditional
churches, focus on religion rather than worldly maters, members have normal
lives.
- Churches- large with millions of members, place few demands, have
a hierarchy of clergy, claim a monopoly of truth and are linked to the
state
- Stark and Bainbridge
- sects are the result in the split of an
organisation which offers worldly benefits to
economic or ethical suffers
- Cults are new or imported religions which offer
benefits to those suffering health or psychic
problems
- subdivide
- Audience cults - least
organised with no formal
membership
- Client- A consultent/client
relationship with therapies offered
- Cultic movements-
high level, exclusive
cult claiming to meet
all members needs
- Audience cults - least
organised with no formal
membership
- subdivide
- sects are the result in the split of an
organisation which offers worldly benefits to
economic or ethical suffers
- Explaining
- Marginality
- Weber says sects appeal to underprivileged groups
- provides a solution to lack of status by offering
a religious explanation
- They thrive and recruit from the marginalised poor
- provides a solution to lack of status by offering
a religious explanation
- Weber says sects appeal to underprivileged groups
- Relative Deprivation
- it is possible for some to feel deprived from others when intact
they are not in terms of wealth, but spirituality
- want a sense of community
- these usually break away from
the tradition religions to join
sects- Stark and Bainbridge
- want a sense of community
- it is possible for some to feel deprived from others when intact
they are not in terms of wealth, but spirituality
- Social Change
- Wilson believes periods of rapid change have
undermined established norms making
anomie
- the effected people turn to sects
- world rejecting NRM's-social change in
the 60's gave young people
freedom and an individualistic way
of life. More attractive than a
tradition church.
- world affirming NRM's- have
grown due to modernity as it
brings about identity and promises
of worldly success.
- world rejecting NRM's-social change in
the 60's gave young people
freedom and an individualistic way
of life. More attractive than a
tradition church.
- the effected people turn to sects
- Wilson believes periods of rapid change have
undermined established norms making
anomie
- New Age
- Heelas believes audience
and client cults cover about
2000 different activities from yoga to crystals.
- self spirituality
- De-traditionalisation
- Source of identity, consumer
culture, social change, decline
in organised religion
- self spirituality
- Heelas believes audience
and client cults cover about
2000 different activities from yoga to crystals.
- Postmodernity
- Drane- people have lost
faith in experts and in the
established churches as
they do not meet spiritual
needs
- Bruce- Modern society
values individualism
and is concerned with
human potential.
- Drane- people have lost
faith in experts and in the
established churches as
they do not meet spiritual
needs
- Marginality
- Social Groups
- Gender
- Bruce- 2x
more females
in sects than
men
- women are more heaing and caring
- women are more heaing and caring
- Miller and
Houghman-
women are ore
religious as they
are socialised
into the qualities
religions look for
- Bruce- 2x
more females
in sects than
men
- Ethnicity
- higher rate of religiosity in minority groups e.g.
Muslims and Black Christians because of...
- Country of origin
- Cultural Defence
- Cultural Transition
- Country of origin
- higher rate of religiosity in minority groups e.g.
Muslims and Black Christians because of...
- Age
- under 15's more likely to attend church
- over 65's not so much because of ill health
- The ageing effect
- under 15's more likely to attend church
- Gender
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