46624
PSYA2
Stress
- Life Changes and
Workplace Stress
- Marmot et al. (1997)
- Investigation into the job strain model of stress:
1. High workload (creating greater job demands)
2. Low job control (deadlines, procedures)
- Higher grade employees would
experience a high workload, where
as the low grade civil servants
would have low job control
- Investigation into the job strain model of stress:
1. High workload (creating greater job demands)
2. Low job control (deadlines, procedures)
- Holmes and Rahe:
Social Readjustment
Rating Scale (SRRS)
- They asked 400 ppts to give
43 life changes a score
- High time to readjust = high score
- Scores were averaged and then that meant
values could be judged by their impact
- They asked 400 ppts to give
43 life changes a score
- Work Conflict
- Work and
outside life
conflict with
eachother
- Pomaki: With role conflict
there are more absentees,
lower performance, physical
and mental health
- Work and
outside life
conflict with
eachother
- Marmot et al. (1997)
- Immune System
- Acute Stress Response
- SAM: Adrenaline
- Increased O2 and glucose to the brain and muscles
- Suppress non-urgent bodily functions e.g digestion
- Suppress non-urgent bodily functions e.g digestion
- Increased O2 and glucose to the brain and muscles
- SNS: Noradrenaline
- Increased heartrate
- Dilated pupils
- Mobilise fat cells
- Mobilise fat cells
- Dilated pupils
- Increased heartrate
- ANS (autonomic nervous system)
- 2 Parts: PSB (parasympathetic branch)
SNS (sympathetic nervous system)
- SNS and SAM = sympathetic medullary pathway
- 2 Parts: PSB (parasympathetic branch)
SNS (sympathetic nervous system)
- Kielcolt-Galser et al. (1984)
- Impact of important
examinations on
medical students
- Baseline for comparison
was a blood sample one
month beforehand
- Cell functioning was significantly lower in the second month
- Acute stress lowers
the immune functioning
- Impact of important
examinations on
medical students
- SAM: Adrenaline
- Chronic Stress Response
- Pituitary adrenal system (PAS)
controls the levels of cortisol
- The stressor is perceived, the
hypothalamus and PVN releases
CRF (corticotrophin) releasing factor
- CRF causes ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic
hormone) to be released
- The adrenal cortex will release cortisol
- Will lower pain sensitivity
- Will give a quick burst of energy
- Will give a quick burst of energy
- Impaired cognitive ability
- High blood pressure
- Lowered immune system
- Lowered immune system
- High blood pressure
- Will lower pain sensitivity
- The adrenal cortex will release cortisol
- CRF causes ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic
hormone) to be released
- The stressor is perceived, the
hypothalamus and PVN releases
CRF (corticotrophin) releasing factor
- Malarkey et al (1994)
- Got 90 newly wed for a
time period of 24 hours to
discuss marital issues
- These discussions led to
changes in adrenaline and
nora adrenaline which in turn
caused bad immune
function
- Got 90 newly wed for a
time period of 24 hours to
discuss marital issues
- Kiecolt-Glaser (2005)
- The blister wounds on the
arms of the married couples
after the discussions took
longer to heal
- The blister wounds on the
arms of the married couples
after the discussions took
longer to heal
- Pituitary adrenal system (PAS)
controls the levels of cortisol
- Defending the body
against antigens
- 1: Form a barrier e.g mucus inside the airways
- 2. Detect and eliminate the antibodies before they reproduce
- 3. Eliminate the antibodies after reproduction
- 3. Eliminate the antibodies after reproduction
- 2. Detect and eliminate the antibodies before they reproduce
- 1: Form a barrier e.g mucus inside the airways
- Acute Stress Response
- Daily Hassles and Uplifts
- HSUP (hassles and uplifts scale)
- Uplifts: Small positive experiences
which may offset hassles
- Daily Hassles: Minor day to day
stressors which may frustrate
or annoy a person
- Uplifts: Small positive experiences
which may offset hassles
- Amplification effect
- Acumilation effect
- HSUP (hassles and uplifts scale)
- Personalities and Stress
- Type A:
Impatient,
competitive,
achievement
striving,
hostile and
aggressive
- Type B:
Patient,
relaxed,
easy
going
- Hardy:
Control,
commitment
and
challenge
- Friedman and Rosenman
- Back up type A personality
- High blood pressure, high stress hormones, linked to CHD
- Back up type A personality
- Type A:
Impatient,
competitive,
achievement
striving,
hostile and
aggressive
- Physiological and Psychological Treatments
- Psychological
- SIT (stress inoculation training)
- 1:Conceptualisation phase
- 2. Skills aquisition phase
- 3. Application phase
- 3. Application phase
- 2. Skills aquisition phase
- 1:Conceptualisation phase
- Hardiness Training
- 1. Focusing
- 2. Relieving stressful encounters
- 3. Self improvement
- 3. Self improvement
- 2. Relieving stressful encounters
- 1. Focusing
- SIT (stress inoculation training)
- Physiological
- Beta Blockers (BBs)
- Bind to the receptors on the
surface of the stimulated organ
- Causing the blockedge makes it harder to stimulate
- Causes a decreased heart rate, causing less anxious behaviour
- Causes a decreased heart rate, causing less anxious behaviour
- Causing the blockedge makes it harder to stimulate
- Bind to the receptors on the
surface of the stimulated organ
- Benzodiazepines (BZs)
- Bind to GABA, increasing efficiency
- More chloride ions to the brain
- Difficult to stimulate other neurotransmitters
so it slows CNS
- Difficult to stimulate other neurotransmitters
so it slows CNS
- More chloride ions to the brain
- Bind to GABA, increasing efficiency
- Beta Blockers (BBs)
- Psychological
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