4681598
Descripción
Mapa Mental por Cindy Robertson, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Cindy Robertson
hace más de 8 años
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ESL Approaches and Methods
- Grammatical
- Grammatical approach
is a teacher-centered
means of providing
second language
instruction.
- Emphasis on the rules and
structure of target language.
- METHODS
- Grammar-Translation
- More emphasis
on development
of reading,
writing, and
grammar.
- Less emphasis
on oral
language
development
- Rules of grammar
are taught
holistically
- More emphasis
on development
of reading,
writing, and
grammar.
- Direct
- Focus on
total
immersion in
L2
- No use of L1
allowed in the
classroom
- Involves an
open-ended
response to
materials the
teacher
brings into
the classoom
- Focus on
total
immersion in
L2
- Audiolingual
- Grammar
structures are
carefully sequenced
and taught
- APPROACHES
- Drill and
practice
- Rote
memorization
- Dialogue
memorization
- Repetition
- Mnemonics
- Kinetics
- Drill and
practice
- APPROACHES
- Minimal use
of L1
- Emphasizes error
correction, drills, and
repetitive practice
- Grammar
structures are
carefully sequenced
and taught
- Grammar-Translation
- METHODS
- Origins in the
19th century
classical Greek
and Latin
instruction
- Grammatical approach
is a teacher-centered
means of providing
second language
instruction.
- Communicative
- It is a more research-and
theory-based approach
to second language
instruction.
- METHODS
- Silent
Way
- Teacher
modeling/talk
- Reinforcement
through
repetition/signals
- Seldom
content-based
- Teacher
modeling/talk
- Natural
Way
- Stresses
comprehensible
input
- Minimal error
correction/production
- Acceptance of
students' L1
- Not
necessarily
content-based
- Stresses
comprehensible
input
- Suggestopedia
- Emphasis
on relaxed
physical
setting
- Minimal
error
correction
- Use of L1
for
explanations
- Not
necessarily
content-based
- Emphasis
on relaxed
physical
setting
- Sheltered
Instruction
- Grade-level
modified
curriculum
- Scaffolded
instruction
- Visuals, cooperative
learning, and
guarded vocabulary
- Grade-level
modified
curriculum
- Integrated
Content-Based
- Emphasizes
L2
development
- Focus on
cintent and
language
integration
- Subject
area
integrated
into
thematic
units
- Emphasizes
L2
development
- Silent
Way
- Approaches
- Scaffolding
- Guarded
Vocabulary
- Cooperative
learning
- Hands-on
activities
- Reduced
use of
idioms
- Manipulatives
and realia
- Simulations/big
books
- Heterogeneous
grouping
- Scaffolding
- METHODS
- Student-centered
emphasis on
communication
and meaningful
acquisition of
knowledge
- Primary origins in
1960s and 1970s
research on
language learning
through
communication,
constructivism,
and social
interaction
- It is a more research-and
theory-based approach
to second language
instruction.
- Cognitive
- Is an emergent product
of efforts to examine
and analyze the
cognitive psychological
side of learning,
language learning, and
instruction to promote
language learning.
- Learner-centered focus on
explicit teaching of learning
strategies in communicative
ways.
- Origing in 1980s and
1990s research on
learning functions,
memory, and cognition
- METHODS
- CALLA
- Developmentally
appropriate
language instruction
- Intentional
focus on CALP
development in
L1 and L2 as
related to
content areas
- Focus on
prior
knowledge
- Explicit instruction in
the following learning
strategies:
metacognitive, cognitive,
and social/affective
- CALLA
INSTRUCTIONAL
CONCEPTS
- Focuses on what is
going on in students'
minds rather than in
their overt responses
- Literacy
accross the
Curriculum
- Focuses on the
language demands of
content subjects and
seeks to integrate
literacy and content
instruction
- Focuses on the
language demands of
content subjects and
seeks to integrate
literacy and content
instruction
- Language
Experience
Approach
- Students learn that
what is said can be
written down and that
what has been written
down can be read.
- Students learn that
what is said can be
written down and that
what has been written
down can be read.
- Balanced
Reading
Approach
- Children do not learn to
read in only one way, but
that individual variation
in literacy development
- Children do not learn to
read in only one way, but
that individual variation
in literacy development
- Process
Writing
- Students learn that
writing involves
thinking, reflection,
and multiple revisions
- Students learn that
writing involves
thinking, reflection,
and multiple revisions
- Cooperative
Learning
- Students work in carefully
selected and organized
groups on learning tasks
that are structured so that
all studenets share in the
responsibility for
completing the task.
- Students work in carefully
selected and organized
groups on learning tasks
that are structured so that
all studenets share in the
responsibility for
completing the task.
- Inquiry Approaches
- Moves students through
an inquiry cycle designed
to help them learn from
experiences
- Moves students through
an inquiry cycle designed
to help them learn from
experiences
- Standard-Based
Instruction
- Based on national or state
standards for each content
subject area
- Based on national or state
standards for each content
subject area
- Focuses on what is
going on in students'
minds rather than in
their overt responses
- Developmentally
appropriate
language instruction
- CALLA
- APPROACHES
- Cooperative
learning
- Explicit LS
instruction
- Maximizing
content and
language
objectives
- KWL
chart
- Questioning
- Word
Walls
- Outlines
- Cooperative
learning
- Is an emergent product
of efforts to examine
and analyze the
cognitive psychological
side of learning,
language learning, and
instruction to promote
language learning.
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