Institutional Aggression: Importation and Deprivation Model

Nota:

• Occurs within, and between groups of institutions-armed forces, prisons etc.

1. Importation Model

   Nota:

   • Irwin and Cressey-Prisoners bring traits and social histories with them, normative systems developed outside are imported too.
2. Deprivation Model

   Nota:

   • Prisoner aggression is the product of stressful and oppressive conditions of institutions- crowding, staff experience etc.
   • Sykes-specific deprivations inmates experience increase aggression-loss of liberty, loss of autonomy, and loss of security.

Nota:

• Analysed data of 58 prisons.
• Found black inmates had higher violence rates, but lower rated alcohol or drug related midconduct than white inmates.
• Patterns parrellel to behaviour outside prison-support individual differences.

Nota:

• Found overcrowding, lack of privacy, and lack of meaningful activity influence peer violence-supporting claim that peer violence is used to relieve deprivation imposed by institutions.

1. Nijman et al

   Nota:

   • Found increased personal space didn’t decrease level of violent incidents-research isn’t consistent in it’s findings.

Nota:

• David Wilson set up 2 units for violent prisoners-less claustrophobic, view of outside, radio, and lower temperature.
• Changes virtually eradicated violence, but political pressures led to units developing in different direction-institution caused aggression.