Hypersensitivity

Nota:

• Immediate, allergies  wrong antibody choice  Anaphylactic shock  atopic- localized instead of IgA and IgG it recreates IgE which binds to the mast cells instead  Degranulation of mast cells leads to inflammation 

1. Concern Anaphylaxis

   Nota:

   • Mast cells are everywhere  local effects, but the later phase is systemic
2. asthama

   Nota:

   • Chronically inflamed respiratory tract severely overreactive to allergy chemicals like leukotrienes and serotonin
   1. Treatments

      Nota:

      • Steroids= anti-inflammatory bronchodialator= relax the contracted muscle  **combo drugs do both 
3. Atopic Dermatitis aka eczema

   Nota:

   • making IgE early on infants- weepy/blistery adults- dry and thick Exposure to allergen on the skin 
4. Food and Drug Allergies

   Nota:

   • Starts with vomiting and diarrhea classic food allergy involves IgE and degranulation of mast cells 
5. Wheel and Flare Rxn

   Nota:

   • Skin testing: Just underneath the skin, Measure each of the zones  InVitro- measure elevated blood levels f tryptase and IgE, differential blood cell count, leukocyte histamine release test 
6. Treatment
   1. Antihistamines

      Nota:

      • works on the surface of MY cels  blocks histamine by competitive inhibition 
      1. Cromolyn

         Nota:

         • prevents mast cells from exploding 
      2. Epipen

         Nota:

         • Epinephrine, reverts anaphylactic shock  Vasoconstrictor- for Tx anaphylaxis Bronchodialator- for Tx asthma
   2. Desensitization

      Nota:

      • allergy drop attaches to antibody TH1 responses Shot therapy- blocking antibody shot 

Nota:

• NOT misrecognition, we are fighting something that is actually foreign 

1. Blood Transfusion
2. Hemolytic disease of the newborn

   Nota:

   • IgG response to the RH in the pregnancy of second child  RH- mother RH+ father
   1. RHOGAM

      Nota:

      • medication  never generates an attack binds cross-fetal cells before it effects memory
3. Drug induced
   1. Haptens

      Nota:

      • when it binds to self-cells it appears to be foreign (destroys platelets)  Targeting the combination of self and foreign 
      1. ITCP

         Nota:

         • easily bleeding, bruising
      2. AIHA

         Nota:

         • Destruction of red blood cells 
4. Autoimmune AIHA

   Nota:

   • destruction of red blood cells  sore tongue warm= IgG//Cold Igm

Nota:

• Hypersensitivity  "Misclearance"- where something that should have been cleared is targeted for a second reaction  Relocation of the antigen + antibody (activates new response which could be detrimental 

1. Systemic
   1. Lupus

      Nota:

      • Butterfly rash 
   2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

      Nota:

      • sand filled joints 
   3. Serum sickness reaction
2. Localized
   1. Glomerulonephritis aka kidney failure
   2. Hypersesitivity pneumontis
   3. Arthus reaction to vaccine

Nota:

• Mis-response lazy macrophage syndrom 

1. Poison Ivy

   Nota:

   • Causes a T-Cell reaction mild-hasty inflammation  "going for the fly on the wall with a tank" Takes time because we are calling the T-Cells 
2. PPD Testing

   Nota:

   • strip of unique piece of tuberculosis (no big deal) and inject it, if they have never seen it before they don't care because they are "Naive" but if they have seen it before they realize where it came from and you see a greater reaction to it 
3. Why?

   Nota:

   • Epitope spreading- everytime they blow up a cell they find more epitopes to fight 
4. Graft rejection

   Nota:

   • Can eventually catch on causing a slow reaction  or Passager lymphocytes from the donor come out and attack the host
   1. Auto
   2. Allo
   3. Xeno
5. SJS/TEN
6. Treatments
   1. Corticosteriods
   2. Anti-B7/anti IL-2

      Nota:

      • B7- co-stimulation  IL-2- T-Cell growth factor