Chapter 4: Making Informed Decisions about Getting Involved in a Lifetime of Healthy Physical Activities
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GCSE PE Mapa Mental sobre Chapter 4: Making Informed Decisions about Getting Involved in a Lifetime of Healthy Physical Activities, creado por francesca graham el 23/03/2016.
Chapter 4: Making Informed
Decisions about Getting
Involved in a Lifetime of
Healthy Physical Activities
School Influences
PE is offered in school
in different ways
Time table lessons
Extracurricular activities
recreational
competitive
Links with local clubs
Sports performance awards
Sports Leaders
Sports Leaders Awards
PE is offered in school for
the following reasons
It is a legal requirement
To reflect the importance
of sport in society
To improve health
and fitness among
young people
To encourage a
healthy lifestyle
To help students
acquire and
improve their skills
To provide a
balanced curriculum
To provide qualifications
GCSE
Alevels
National Curriculum Requirements
2014 curriculum (new)
USe of tactics to overcome
an opponent in
competition through
individual and team games
Development of technique
and improvement of
performance
Gymnastics
Athletics
Performance of
dances using
advanced techniques
Taking part in
outdoor and
adventurous activities
Analysis of performance
Taking part in sports and
activities outside of school
2008 curriculum (old)
Group 1
Outwitting opponents
Games
Group 2
Accurate replication of actions,
phrases and sequences
Gymnastics
Group 3
Exploring and communicating
ideas, concepts and emotions
Dance
Group 4
Performing at maximum level
Athletics
Group 5
Identifying and solving problems
to overcome challenges
Life-saving
Group 6
Exercising safely and effectively
Circuit training
How This Relates To Lucy
If Lucy is a Year 11 student, she will have followed the
old-style curriculum. Athletics is an integral part of both
the old curriculum ('performing at maximum levels) and
the new one ('development of techniques and
improvement of performance of other competitive sports).
The National Healthy
Schools Programme (NHSP)
Through PSHE education (personal social
health economic education ) involving
looking at different life issues including:
Sex education
Drug education
Ensuring the health
and safety of students
Providing opportunities for
enjoyment and achievement
Healthy eating - young
people should be provided
with the information to:
Make healthy food choices
Make them aware of
what a balanced diet is
Children should have access to
healthy food throughout the
day and school lunches should
offer healthy food options
Make them aware of problems
associated with a poor diet
Obecity
Anorexia
Physical activity - provides a
wide range of opportunities
for young people to be active.
Guidelines include:
A recommended 2 hours of physical
activity each week to be available in
and out of curriculum time with a
wide range of activities provided
Community links with local
clubs to encourage participetion
Outside visits to sports providers
Emotional health and
well-being, which
ensures schools have:
A bullying policy
A supportive pastoral system
A behaviour and
rewards policy
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy will have experienced the benefits of the Healthy Schools Programme in all
four areas at Murton Secondary School. The school actively promotes activity and
healthy lifestyles, and could be doing this in a number of different ways, including:
Teaching the students about a balanced
diet in Food Technology lessons
Making sure the school canteen
offers healthy food choices
Vending machines with fruit juice
and water rather than fizzy drinks
Timetabled PE lessons for 2 hours
Providing a range of extra curricular activities
Establishing links with local clubs,
such a Murton Athletics Club
Running activities in the school holidays,
such as the summer holiday athletics
camp run by Lucy's coach, John
Extracurricular Opportunities
Extracurricular activities are carried out
in addition to those in curriculum tome, A
number of factors will influence the
range and type of activities including:
Attitude of the staff
(positive and negative)
The range and quality
of facilities available
Some schools mat have a
swimming pool, multi-use gym
areas (MUGA), sports hall, playing
fields, multi-gyms and tennis
courts. Other schools mat not be
so well resourced and so will limit
the activities the school can offer
Outside visits to outside
sports providers
Golf courses
Fitness gym
Climbing wall
Dry ski slopes
Range of activities
Competitive such as athletics, basketball
and football teams, or recreational such
as Zumba, boxercise and weight training
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy's interest in athetics started after she attended a summer holiday camp, following which she joined Murton Athletics Club. She
has represents the school in athletics and the school's history of sporting success would suggest the the school has the appropriate
facilities to enable a rang of activities to take place, and also the staff are willing to give up their time to run the clubs and teams
Influences
There are four different organisations which are responsible
for providing opportunities for participation in sport:
1) Sports England
Sport England is 'focused on helping people and communities
across the country create a sporting habit for life'
It was set up by the government and aim
to increase participation in sport through:
Funding
finding provided by the
government and the National
Lottery with over £1 billion
being invested in various
projects between 2012 and 2017
Facilities
Iconic facilities catering for
multi sports and activities
which will increase participation
Inspired facilities helping local
communities and volunteer
groups to improve sports clubs or
to provide facilities by
transforming non-sporing venues
Protect playing fields
Monitoring levels of participation
and identifying priority groups
The Active People Survey
measures levels of participation.
The Satisfacation with the
Quality of Sporing Experience
Survey analysis why people play
sports and what influences their
level of satisfacstion.
The ultimate aim is to increase the
number of people playing sports
regularly and reduce the number
of young people who stop plating
sport when they leave school
How this relates to Lucy
John could encourage the local council to apply for funding under the
inspired facilities scheme to help improve the facilities at the
athletics track, particularly as the athletics club is facing closure as a
result of deteriorating facilities. The council should be able to present
a strong case for funding as closing the track will have a negative
impact on the level of participation in sport in the local area, and
Sport England are keen to encourage people to take part in sport
2) National Governing Bodies
National Governing Bodies are responsible for running individual sports
locally and nationally. They provide training for coaches by running
leadership courses and providing the opportunity to gain coaching and
officiating qualifications. They are also responsible for ensuring that a
talent development programme is in place to enable performers to reach
their potential, and arranging competitions. UK Sport assist governing
bodies with talent development and once a talented performer has been
identified, they will them receive coaching support from the governing body
How this relates to Lucy
The governing body for athletics is UK Athletics. One of the ambitions for UK
Athletics is 'to build an athletic nation based on participation'. One of the
ways they intend to achieve this is by establishing the formation of a
UK-wide network of high-quality coaching supporting athletes. They also
provide officials and currently have 4,600 licensed technical officials who
oversee competitions. John is looking to approach UK Athletics to help recruit
volunteers to coach and officiate at Murton Athletics Club, and in view of
their stated ambition about encouraging participation in athletics, he will
hopefully receive the necessary support to allow the club to move forward
As a county 800 m and cross-country champion and
finishing 3rd in the English Schools Championship, it
is likely that Lucy will have been identified as a
talented performer, and therefore eligible to receive
coaching support from UK Athletics
3) The Youth Sports Trust
The Youth Sports Trust is an independent charity
which aims to change young people's lives through
sport. It manages national sports competitions such
as National School Games and organises various
leadership and volunteering programmes so that
young people are engages in PE and school sport.
How this relates to Lucy
The Youth Sport Trust runs leadership and volunteering programmes
to encourage people to be involved in sport. Lucy and her close friends
belong to Murton Athletics Club and so could volunteer under the
Junior Club Championship scheme which aims to encourage young
people to make the transition from school sport to community sport.
They could encourage other students at Murton Secondary School to
join the Athletics Club, and could join John at the Club Committee as
junior representatives and have a say in the running of the club
4) The Dame Kelly Holmes Legacy Trust
The Dame Kelly Holmes Legacy Trust aims to use
elite sports performers to inspire and mentor young
people from a range of backgrounds to get their lives
on track and make the best of their talents.
How this relates to Lucy
The Dame Kelly Holmes Legacy Trust aims to use elite sport role models
to inspire participation. Lucy's school may have been part of the Aspiring
Minds project where elite performers go into schools to encourage
participation in a particular sport. Jessica Ennis-Hill may have gone to
Murton Secondary School and inspired at the top level on athletics
Cultural and Social Factors
Leisure Time
Leisure time is the time we have available
to choose what we want to do, and this
has increased in recent years due to :
Higher levels of
unemployment
Less time working
and longer holidays
Increase in
paat-time jobs
Advances in technology
Labour-saving devices such as
washing machines and dishwashers
Increased use of computers and
iPads mean that more people
are able to work from home,
therefore reducing traveling time
As a result in the increase in leisure time, demands for
leisure facilities has also increased and the leisure
industry has had to grow accordingly. These facilities
are provided by either the public or the private sector
Public sector facilities
Public sector facilities are owned by local authorities and councils
and include leisure centres, swimming pools and sports fields.
These facilities are not expected to make a profit. There are
usually fees payable to take part, but these will often be low
Curtain user groups may be encouraged
to use the facilities by being offered
concession or special sessions. These
user groups include the unemployed,
OAPs, and mothers and toddlers
Private sector
Private-sector facilities are owned my
companies or individuals and include health
clubs, golf clubs, dance schools and sports
stadiums. They are run to make a profit
and require a membership to use them.
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy is a member of Murton Athletics Club, which uses the local council athletics track. The
track is facing closure and the facilities have been deteriorating over the last five years due
to the lack of funding. All local councils have had their funding reduced in recent years due
to government cuts, and quire often leisure and sport facilities are not seen as a priority,.
This is why it is important that the council should try to seek funding from Sport England
Fairness and personal
and social responsibility
Etiquette is a set of unwritten rules players and performers are
expected to follow. This may include kicking a ball out of play when a
player is injured or shaking hands with opponents at the end of a game
Competitors should play fairly within the
rules of the game and respect officials
How this relates to Lucy
Etiquette in athletics is not as clear ad in other sports., Guidelines tend to refer to factors
such as being aware of other athletes when training or competing and being respectful
towards others. During an 800 m race, Lucy would be expected to respect other athletes'
running space and not deliberately block other runners, allowing fast runners to pass
Social Groupings
Social groups can influence an individual's participation
in sport in either a positive or negative way. The
groups which may be an influence on Lucy are:
Peers
Usually people of the same age as you
They can influence participation in a positive and
negative way. If they enjoy sport, you are more likely to
have a positive attitude and want to join in with them
However, if they dislike sport and have a negative
attitude and prefer other activities, this may
discourage an individual from taking part in sport
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy is fortunate that she has a group of close friends who share an interest in athletics, and they all attend Murton
Athletics Club and have all represented the school athletics team. They will all appreciate the benefits that can be gained
from taking part in sport and will be able to support each other in training and competitions. This may be particularly
important for Lucy as she competes in county and national competitions where her friends can encourage her to do well
Family
Parents, siblings or other
members of your family
Parents are an important influence on young people and their participation in physical
activity. They can help with funding for equipment, kit, coaching and transport costs. They
can also help by watching and encouraging when their children are taking part. If parents
take part in sport themselves, this may encourage their children to also take part
How this relates to Lucy
The support of Lucy's family will be important, particularly as she continues to take
part in various competitions around the country. They could support her financially by
buying equipment such as trainers/spikes and clothing. At present, they are taking her
to competitions and they will then be able to watch and support her. They themselves
may have taking part in athletics when they were younger, and may have encouraged
her to go to the summer holiday camp with a view to joining Murton Athletics Club.
However , they could have a negative influence on Lucy's
participation if they are unable to continue to take Lucy
to competitions because of the cost implications. This
would mean she may not be able to take part in races
or achieve her goal of being a national champion
If none of these factors are forthcoming,
then an individual may be discouraged
from participating, particularly if parents
have a negative attitude towards sport
Gender
Cultural
references to
being male or
female
Women now have more opportunities to take part in
sport, and in recent years there has been a reduction in
sexual discrimination in sport, and laws are now in place
to ensure that this does not happen. Sport England is
investing £1.7 million into a Women In Sport campain to
try encourage more girls to take part in physical activity
How This relates to Lucy
Lucy and her friends will now be encouraged to take part in
sport, which would not have been the case in the past.
Changing attitudes over the years mean that girls are being
actively encourages to participate in a variety of sports
Opportunities Available
for Becoming Involved in
Physical Activity
Roles
Schools can encourage students
to adopt different roles in their
PE lessons and these are:
Player/performer
leader/coach
Organiser
Official
These roles should involve the students
becoming involved in increasingly
challenging tasks. They should also be able
to experience roles through volunteering,
which may lead on to students following
certain careers and volunteering pathways
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy is experiencing the role of performer in PE lessons. Her talent in athletics may also
have seen her take on the role of a coach in lessons and helping other students improve
their performance. She could have helped organise and officiate at the school's sports day,
and so potentially Lucy could have experienced all 4 roles. She could then use her experience
to volunteer to coach and officiate at the athletics club, particularly as the club is struggling
to recruit volunteers for these roles. Once Lucy has reached the age at which she decides to
stop competing in athletics, she could take on the role of coach, organiser or official
Courses and
qualifications
There are a number of courses and
qualifications relating to PE. These include
GCSE PE, BTEC qualifications in various
aspects of sport and leisure, A Level PE and
numerous degree courses at universities.
Sports Performance Awards exist relating to
specific sports, such as athletics or gymnastics.
Coaching, organising, leadership and officiating
awards are also available for different sports.
The Sport Leader and Community Sports Leader
Awards are often taught in schools and collages.
Proficiency awards are available and exist in many
sports and, in the case of swimming; a life-saving
award may enable a student to be employed as a
lifeguard. National governing bodies run awars schemes
in different activities to encourage participation.
In GCSE PE, students can be assessed
in different roles, and this can help
gain qualifications in the selected
areas and even lead to a career.
How this relates to Lucy
Lucy may be taking part in the Englis Schools Athletics Association
Scheme, which encourages secondary-school students to gain a Gold,
Silver and Bronze Award by completing athletic events. She may also
be involved in the Sportshall Secondary Programme, providing an
opportunity for compeating at county and regional level, Lucy could
become involved in award schemes in coaching or officiating run by UK
Athletics and gain qualification. She could then help John at Murton
Athletics Club as he is struggling to recruit volunteers.
Vocational opportunities
Once students have gained
sports-related qualifications,
there are a number of career
opportunities available
Elite athletes may have the opportunity to become
professional performers. Other athletes may choose
to compete at a semi-professional or amateur level
Professional - someone who
trains and competes
full-time for financial reward
- this will be their job
Amateur - Someone who takes part
in sport for enjoyment and does not
receive financial reward
Semi-professional - a combination of the above: someone
who will have a job and may also receive payment for
taking part in sport. In some sports there are loopholes
allowing amateurs to receive payment and these
SHAMATEURS can receive funding through sponsorship,
expenses or jobs which allow time off to train and compete
Open sports attract both amateur and professional performers -
examples include golf and tennis. Athletics is classed as a amateur
sport. but athletes can receive appearance money and expenses for
competing. In both Rio 2016 Olympics, professional tennis players and
footballers will be able to compete against amateur performers
There ate various careers related
to sport, such as PE teachers,
trainers, coaches, sports
managers and physiotherapists
Performers can choose to become coaches once
they have finished competing in sport, providing
they gain the necessary coaching qualifications
How this relates to Lucy
Athletics is an amateur sport, with
athletes often having to rely on
National Lottery funding to enable
them to train and take part in
competitions. As an amateur, Lucy
will be taking part in athletics for
enjoyment rather than financial
gain. Lucy's interest in athletics
mat result in her wanting to
pursue a career in sport, such as a
PE teacher or a physiotherapist.
This would involve her going to
collage or university to gain the
relevant qualifications for her
chosen career