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Minerals are formed by
- Crystallisation from solution in evaporating
water (halite)
- Minerals can be valuable if they contain
metals (ores: haematite, galena, gold) or
have properties such as being rare, hard,
lustrous and/or coloured that cause them
to become precious or semi-precious
stones (quartz (amethyst), diamond)
- Crystallisation as cement from flowing pore waters (quartz, calcite). As the
water cools, the minerals crystallise out from the fluid
- Crystallisation from hydrothermal fluids in veins and faults
(gangue minerals) (quartz, calcite, ore minerals, hematite,
galena)
- Metamorphic recrystallisation (calcite,
garnet)
- Crystallisation from a melt (quartz,
feldspar, mica)
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