Direct Effect

Direct Effect

SUPREMACY
1. applied harmoniously
2. relationships between MS & the EU
Regulations
1. clear, precise, unconditional & creates a right
  1. no further action needed
2. Creation of direct effect
3. van Gend en Loos
4. Defrenne V SABENA
  1. horizontal & vertical
5. directly applicable
6. automatically becomes law
Horizonital effect
1. individuals v individuals
  1. there cannot be horizontal effect with Directives
  2. individuals can form rights
Vertical effect
1. provision/obligation against the state
  1. Article 258
automatically enforceable
1. creates actual obligations
Article 288
1. creates obligations
2. "binding in entirety to whom addressed"
3. "general application & directly applicable
4. not created in Treaties
Decisions
1. Grad v Finanzamt
SUPRANATIONALISM
1. citizens can enforce EU laws

Resumen del Recurso

	Creado por grantcat69 hace casi 12 años