Renaissance

Nota:

• - Renaissance means revive or rebirth. - it started from the 14th century to the 16th century. - At this moment, European valued Classical scholarship and humanism. - It started in Italy 

1. Ancient Greece and Rome

   Nota:

   • -Renaissances means to revive the ideas of ancient Greece and Rome -It greatly influence art, architecture and social value
   1. Architecture

      Nota:

      • -Renaissance architecture studied ancient Greek and Rome runes and add those elements, such as rounded arches, straight columns and domed roofs.   -Ex. Palazzi, Santa Maria del Flore -Renaissance architects uses mathematics in constructing buildings.
      1. Brunelleschi

         Nota:

         • The architect of Santa Maria del Fiore 
   2. Art

      Nota:

      • -It shows great interest in classic culture ,Greece and Rome, and humanism  -The arts depicted real people in life like ways and whose faces express emotions, besides the setting were realistic. 
      1. Medici Family

         Nota:

         • -It was patron in Italy  -It was a wealthy merchant family which ruled Florence  -It acquire their wealth though banking and by their wealth, they established Florence to be the banking center of Europe 
         1. Patrons

            Nota:

            • -Wealthy merchants who support the artist 
      2. Leonardo da vinci

         Nota:

         • -He studied all kinds of subject like painting, sculpture, music, math, anatomy, botany, architecture  -He have special love to animals, and he is vegetarian  -His notebook contain idea that is ahead of his time -His famous painting is Mona Lisa, it used the strong reflect of shade and color reveal his rich study of light -He is the perfect example of renaissance spirit-He inspired a lot of artist including Michelangelo, 
         1. Perspective

            Nota:

            • -Artist use perspective to add depth on a flat surface  -To do so the artist arranged invisible lines to organize the objects in the paintings. The smaller a painted object,the further it appears. Therefore, plus shade and colored, it created the result of 3 dimension. 
      3. Raphael

         Nota:

         • -Italian painter and architect of the Renaissance  -Best known work is 'The School of Athens"  -Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci he forms the tradition trinity of greater master of Renaissance 
      4. Michelangelo

         Nota:

         • -His work was greatly influenced by Donatello  -He was known for painting, sculpture and architecture.  - ex. David 
         1. Donatello

            Nota:

            • -He was the first sculptors to use life like style to depict personality and the mood of the figures. -ex. Donatello's David
      5. Non Religious Theme

         Nota:

         • -In the medieval period most art was religion showing Jesus, saint, and people from the bible -During the renaissance the artist starting to show both religion and non-religion theme -This is sparked by humanism, started to value individual mind and greatness
   3. Literature

      Nota:

      • -During the Renaissance the topic that people write about change so did the writing and language they use, writing about secular and non religious topic became popular -Writing express thoughts and feelings about life  -Write in their own dialect instead of Latin
      1. Shakespeare

         Nota:

         • -He studied Latin and classical literature in grammar school. -At his early 20's he was an actor in London. -He had enormous talent in expressing feeling and thought though text.  -His play shows his deep understanding of human behavior -His writing effect modern world and later writers 
      2. Petrarch

         Nota:

         • -Founder of Italian humanism  -well known poet, created large collection of ancient Latin and Greek writing which he made available to other scholars 
   4. Science

      Nota:

      • -during the Renaissance they question all idea carefully observe the world around them preform experiment and analyze the results using Mathematics and logic. This lead to many advances 
      1. Vesalius

         Nota:

         • -He was born in a doctor family -He earned his medical degree at 1537 and became a doctor for Italian and Spanish royalty  -talented in observation and is a independent thinker also have skills in drawing  -He studied about human bodies and discover new things because most people at that time study animal bodies -He discover the human heart have 4 chambers  -He wrote a book about how human body functioned, this book was consider the first medical text book
      2. Medicine

         Nota:

         • -In that time physician understanding of human and anatomy was base on body of animals by Galen, the Greek physician. -How ever in the Renaissance Vesalius and Leonardo started to study human and anatomy by dissecting human bodies, this lead to major break though in the field of medicine 
      3. Galileo

         Nota:

         • -Make important discovery about gravity, proves heavier and lighter object fall at the same rate -Build the first telescope to look into outer space -See that Venus pass through phases, and realized that it was traveling around the sun. -Belief in Copernican theory of the universe that sun is the center of universe, published the book call Dialogue on the Two Chief of the World system
      4. Copernicus

         Nota:

         • -He was raised by his uncle  -He studied medicine and church law  -He base his study on things that he truly saw -He proposed a revolutionary idea about how the turning of earth make the sun looks like its rotate around the earth -He published a book about his theory but later banned by the church because it was against the bible with claims the earth was the center of the universe
2. Humanism

   Nota:

   • -The study which value people's independent work -Try to balance religious faith with the power of human mind -Take interest in human society and natural world -Try to balance modern world and after world 
   1. Independent Thinking

      Nota:

      • -In the Renaissance people start to question the old idea from ancient Greek and Rome -They starting  to question the teaching from the church 
3. Rebirth of Classical Ideas

   Nota:

   • -Renaissance mean the rebirth in interest in classical art and learning -Classical refer to culture of ancient Greek and Rome which includes text, imagery object, art, architecture, ritual and saying. 
4. Power of the church and Kings Challenged

   Nota:

   • -Humanism effect people to start thinking independently and question the validity of the teaching by the church -Therefor the king's and church's power were challenged 
   1. Printing

      Nota:

      • -In the past books were written and copied by hard, -knowledge of paper making and example of Chinese printing blog reached Europe -The invention of printing press  made ideas spread faster. 
      1. Gutenberg

         Nota:

         • -German who improve on existing printing method -He invented printing press that use movable type, and cast his type in metal -As a result books can be made more quickly and cheaply, this help spread new ideas faster
         1. Famous Printed Bible

            Nota:

            • -Gutenberg invention allowed the first bible to be printed using mass produce movable type -It marks the start of the Gutenberg revolution 
   2. Politics

      Nota:

      • -The politics of Renaissance was controlled by the Medici Family -The Medici Family kept them self strong by keeping a large army and also to watch their enemies    
      1. Machiavelli

         Nota:

         • -He was the founder of modern day political science -He also control the army affair -Some people calmed that his teaching were evil because he providing evil recommendation to help maintain power -Believe in controlling the government it is better to be fear than to be loved
5. Change

   Nota:

   • -During the Renaissance people started to relearn the ancient Greek and Rome culture and ideas and though independent thinking they started to make changes in science, art, literature, architecture,
6. Florence Italy

   Nota:

   • -The place where Renaissance begin -Culture leader  -Home of great artist and thinkers -Center of trading